基于高分辨率合成孔径雷达图像的高速公路车辆测距测速研究  

Research on Expressway Vehicle Ranging and Speed Measurement Based on High Resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

作　　者：王剑非 赵宁波 刘恒 张奎 WANG Jianfei;ZHAO Ningbo;LIU Heng;ZHANG Kui(Yunnan Construction and Investment Holding Group Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650599,China;Qujing Xuanfu Expressway Investment and Construction Development Co.,Ltd.,Qujing,Yunnan 655099,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省建设投资控股集团有限公司,云南昆明650599 [2]曲靖市宣富高速公路投资建设开发有限公司,云南曲靖655099

出　　处：《公路工程》2024年第6期169-176,共8页Highway Engineering

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202102AD080003)。

摘　　要：目前高速公路车辆测距测速方法受到多种因素的影响,在不同的天气、光照和道路条件下,测量效果可能不稳定,环境适应性差,导致测量精度不够高。为此,引入合成孔径雷达获取高分辨率的图像,它能够避免天气和光照条件的限制,从雷达图像中提取车辆的特征和运动信息,准确地测量车辆的距离和速度。首先,利用干涉合成孔径雷达(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)在高空多次向目标车辆发射雷达信号,采集车辆图像,避免天气、光照和道路影响,提升环境适应性;其次,使用联合像素方式去除雷达图像的噪声,获取高分辨率雷达图像。然后,使用最小二乘法构建高速公路车辆测距目标函数,求解该函数得到车辆到卫星距离,根据卫星天线车辆成像时的斜距误差,确定不同车辆到卫星的距离,从而得到车辆间的距离;最后,利用雷达图像中车辆的协方差矩阵替换沿轨迹干涉测速中的干涉相位,实现更加准确的高速公路车辆测速。试验结果表明,编号为1的车辆,雷达测速结果与高速公路测速结果保持一致,速度误差为0,编号4的车辆速度误差为1 km/h;该方法测量结果与实际高速公路上的测速结果高度一致。这表明,利用这一方法能够准确测速;晴天条件下,本方法为测距准确性达到100%,对于雨天、雾天及夜间情况,本方法测距准确性依旧超过99.6%,表明本方法具有很高的测距准确性,对环境的适应性较强,表明了该方法的有效性。At present,the distance and speed measurement methods for vehicles on expressways are affected by various factors.Under different weather,lighting,and road conditions,the measurement results may be unstable,the environmental adaptability may be poor,and the measurement accuracy may not be high enough.Therefore,this article introduces synthetic aperture radar to obtain high-resolution images,which can avoid the limitations of weather and lighting conditions,extract vehicle features and motion information from radar images,and accurately measure the distance and speed of vehicles.Firstly,InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)is used to transmit radar signals to target vehicles multiple times at high altitudes,collect vehicle images,avoid weather,lighting,and road influences,and improve environmental adaptability;secondly,the joint pixel method is used to remove noise from the radar image and obtain high-resolution radar images.Then,the least squares method is used to construct the distance measurement objective function for expressway vehicles,and the distance between the vehicle and the satellite is obtained by solving this function.Based on the slant range error of the satellite antenna vehicle imaging,the distance between different vehicles and the satellite is determined,thereby obtaining the distance between vehicles;finally,the covariance matrix of vehicles in radar images is used to replace the interference phase in the interferometric speed measurement along the trajectory,achieving more accurate speed measurement of vehicles on expressways.The experimental results show that the radar speed measurement results of vehicle number 1 are consistent with those of the expressway speed measurement results,with a speed error of 0.The speed error of vehicle number 4 is 1 km/h;the measurement results of this method are highly consistent with the actual speed measurement results on expressways.This indicates that the method proposed in this article can accurately measure speed;under clear weather conditions,t

关 键 词：合成孔径雷达 高速公路 车辆测速 数据重构 协方差矩阵 卫星斜距 

分 类 号：U495[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]