执行功能在学前儿童词汇理解中的作用  

The Role of Executive Function in Preschoolers’Receptive Vocabulary Ability

作　　者：李洪兰 孙欣瑶 吴雨晨 LI Honglan;SUN Xinyao;WU Yuchen(School of Foreign Studies,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210094)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学外国语学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《南京理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期78-88,共11页Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology:Social Sciences

基　　金：2021年度南京理工大学自主科研专项计划项目人文社科培育专项B类“动词叙实性与心理理论因果关系的研究”(30921012206);江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学基金项目“动词叙实性在汉语自闭症儿童心理理论发展中的作用的研究”(2021SJA0014)。

摘　　要：执行功能在儿童词汇发展中起着重要作用。以4岁和5岁学前儿童为研究对象,探究执行功能的三个子成分工作记忆、抑制控制和认知灵活性在其词汇理解中的特定预测作用。研究结果显示,在排除了年龄和执行功能其他相关子成分的影响后,只有工作记忆显著预测被试的词汇理解能力。这一研究结果能够为教师组织学前儿童词汇教学提供启发。教师在教授新词的时候,根据儿童现有的工作记忆能力设计相应的教学活动,可以帮助他们更有效地学习新词,进而促进其语言发展。Executive functions play an important role in children’s vocabulary development.This study investigated the predicting roles of three components of executive functions:working memory,inhibition,and cognitive flexibility in 4-and 5-year-old preschoolers’receptive vocabulary ability.Current results indicated that,after controlling for the effects of age and other components of executive functions,only working memory significantly predicted the participants’receptive vocabulary ability.These findings could shed some insightful light on preschool curriculum planning.When teaching new words,preschool teachers should tailor teaching activities to align with preschoolers’working memory capacity,which could enhance preschoolers’effectiveness in learning new words and promote their language development.

关 键 词：执行功能 词汇理解 抑制控制 认知灵活性 工作记忆 

分 类 号：H031[语言文字—语言学] H08