车计算:自动驾驶时代的新型计算范式  

Vehicle Computing:An Emerging Computing Paradigm for the Autonomous Driving Era

作　　者：鲁思迪 何元恺 施巍松 Lu Sidi;He Yuankai;Shi Weisong(Department of Computer Science,William&Mary,Williamsburg,VA,USA 23185;Department of Computer&Information Sciences,University of Delaware,Newark,DE,USA 19716)

机构地区：[1]威廉玛丽计算机科学系,美国弗吉尼亚州威廉斯堡23185 [2]特拉华大学计算机与信息科学系,美国特拉华州纽瓦克19716

出　　处：《计算机研究与发展》2025年第1期2-21,共20页Journal of Computer Research and Development

摘　　要：随着边缘计算、传感、人工智能和通信技术的迅猛发展,车辆正经历前所未有的深刻变革.提出了一种适用于自动驾驶时代的全新计算范式——车计算.在这一新型范式下,车辆的数据层与控制层被分离,车辆系统转向开放的计算平台,构建了支持多方协作的数据共享结构,从而打破了传统车辆系统的封闭局限,使车辆从单一的交通工具演变为支持丰富的高级应用和第三方服务的多功能移动计算平台.全面阐述了车计算范式的核心理念,深入分析了车辆软件与计算架构的革命性演进,提供了具有应用前景的车计算实例,并介绍了在该范式支持下具有颠覆潜力的新型商业模式.此外,深入探讨了车计算的五大核心功能:计算、通信、能源管理、传感和数据存储,以及相关的前沿技术.最后,总结了车计算领域的关键技术挑战和广阔的机遇,期望能够激发学术界和工业界对这一创新领域的深入研究与高度关注.With rapid advancements in edge computing,sensing,AI,and communication technologies,vehicles are undergoing an unprecedented transformation.We introduce a new computing paradigm for the autonomous driving era—vehicle computing.In this paradigm,data and control layers are separated,creating an open computing platform that supports multi-party collaboration and data sharing,breaking away from the limitations of traditional,closed vehicle systems.This paradigm enables vehicles to transcend conventional transportation roles,evolving into versatile mobile computing platforms that support a wide range of advanced applications and third-party services.We define the core concepts of vehicle computing,analyze the revolutionary evolution of software and computing architectures within vehicles,and present promising application examples,as well as a novel business model enabled by this paradigm.The five core functionalities of vehicle computing,i.e.,computation,communication,energy management,sensing,and data storage,and their related cutting-edge technologies are thoroughly explored.We conclude by discussing key technical challenges and promising opportunities within vehicle computing,aiming to inspire further academic and industry research in this innovative field.

关 键 词：车计算 自动驾驶 计算 通信 能源管理 移动感知 数据存储 软件自定义车辆 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]