美国对中国气候治理行动的安全化:动因、策略及应对  

U.S.Securitising China's Climate Governance Actions:Motivations,Strategies and Responses

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作  者:王亚茹 WANG Yaru(Nanjing Normal University)

机构地区:[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210023

出  处:《边界与海洋研究》2024年第6期93-111,共19页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

基  金:国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字时代技术资本与国家安全研究”(22AZZ012)阶段性成果。

摘  要:安全化议程不仅能有效解决国际安全议题,还能成为某些国家操弄地缘政治关系、打压竞争对手的有效手段。当下,随着气候议题对霸权国和崛起国地位权重的影响不断加深,美国为维护本体安全,弱化中国绿色话语权,竞逐全球气候治理领导权,不断将中国气候治理行动与国家安全问题挂钩,导致中美气候关系出现明显的“安全化”转向和“泛安全化”风险。具体来看,不同时期美国对华气候打压的安全化策略各有特色:奥巴马政府选择低烈度的安全话语对抗;特朗普政府采取“去气候化”的安全实践;拜登政府推行多边制度竞争与重构盟友伙伴关系。若要化解美国安全化中国气候治理行动产生的“泛安全化”风险,中国必须启动“去安全化”进程。话语层面,除魅西方话语体系,解构国际舆论封锁;实践层面,打破多边规锁,构建全球气候治理新秩序;建制层面,创设碳交易机制和适应机制,实现气候政治公平正义。The securitisation agenda is not only effective in addressing international security issues,but can also be an effective means for certain countries to manipulate geopolitical relations and suppress their competitors.Nowadays,with the deepening impact of climate issues on the status and weight of hegemonic and rising countries,the United States in order to maintain the security of the body,to maintain self-existence;weaken China's green discourse,to reshape the relative security advantages;to protect the hegemony,competing for the leadership of the global climate governance,and constantly link China's climate governance actions with national security issues,leading to the emergence of the U.S.-China relations with the obvious“securitisation”turn and the risk of“pan-securitisation”.This has led to the emergence of a clear“securitisation”of Sino-US relations and the risk of“pan-securitisation”.Specifically,the securitisation strategy of the US climate repression against China in different periods mainly includes the following.The Obama administration opted for low-intensity security discourse confrontation;the Trump administration adopted the security practice of“de-climatisation”;and the Biden administration pursued multilateral institutional competition and reconstructed alliance partnerships.If we want to mitigate the“pan security”risks arising from the Biden administration's security measures in China's climate governance,China must initiate a“de security”process.At the discourse level,disenchantling the Western discourse system and deconstructing the international public opinion blockade;At the practical level,break the multilateral regulatory lock and build a new global climate governance order;At the institutional level,establish carbon emission and adaptation mechanisms to achieve climate political fairness and justice.

关 键 词:安全化 中国气候治理行动 “中国威胁” 护持霸权 “去安全化” 

分 类 号:F27[经济管理—企业管理]

 

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