新疆主要酿酒葡萄种质资源的SSR标记分析及数字指纹构建  

SSR Marker Analysis and Digital Fingerprinting of Major Wine Grape Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang,China

作　　者：王季姣 王世伟[2] 李亚兰[2] 杨涛 李树德 王宝庆 潘越[1,5] WANG Jijiao;WANG Shiwei;LI Yalan;YANG Tao;LI Shude;WANG Baoqing;PAN Yue(Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830063,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Niya Wine Co.,Ltd.Manas Xinjiang 832200,China;Akesu National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem,Wensu Xinjiang 843100,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Utilisation of State Forestry and Grassland Bureau of China,Urumqi 830063,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐830063 [2]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆尼雅葡萄酒有限公司,新疆玛纳斯832200 [4]新疆阿克苏森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,新疆温宿843100 [5]新疆林木资源与利用国家林草局重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第1期63-75,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02045-1-4、20232115653、2023B02028-1)。

摘　　要：新疆酿酒葡萄种质资源丰富,存在遗传背景复杂及品种混杂等问题,为有效区分和合理利用新疆主栽酿酒葡萄种质资源,汇集新疆110份种质为试材,利用筛选出多态性好的SSR引物进行PCR扩增,对多态性、遗传多样性和遗传距离进行分析,并构建种质数字指纹。结果表明:从76对SSR引物中筛选出30对多态性丰富的引物,共扩增出等位基因位点391个,多态率高达97.164%,其中引物VVIV67条带数最多,为22条。各位点平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.671,期望杂合度(He)为0.790,Shannon多样性指数(I)在1.142~2.627,PIC平均值为0.766。遗传距离变化主要在0.500~1.000,占整体的92.399%。聚类树将供试材料分为6组,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组多来源于由法国、苏联、美国、意大利等国家引进的酿酒葡萄品种,第Ⅳ、Ⅴ组多来源于中国山葡萄品种种间和种内杂交种;第Ⅵ组基本为中国自主选育的山葡萄品种。数字指纹能够将各种质进行准确鉴定,其中‘11-22-16’和‘12-10-60’‘克里木波西’和‘赤霞珠170’‘盖吾沙’和‘塔夫里斯’‘紫晶梦露’和‘1-5-7’可能存在同物异名。新疆主栽酿酒葡萄SSR位点丰富,可用性较强,试材具有丰富的遗传多样性,可为酿酒葡萄种质资源利用和品种选育提供参考依据。Xinjiang boasts a rich diversity of wine grape germplasm resources,however,issues such as such as complicated genetic backgrounds and the existence of various distinct varieties are prevalent in the region.In order to effectively differentiate and optimize the utilization of the main wine grape germplasm resources cultivated in Xinjiang,110 germplasms were collected as experimental materials.Polymorphic SSR primers were selected for PCR amplification,followed by analysis of polymorphism,genetic diversity and genetic distance,and construction of the digital fingerprints of germplasm.The results showed that 30 pairs of polymorphism-rich primers were selected from 76 pairs of SSR primers,and 391 allelic loci were amplified,with a polymorphism rate 97.164%.Among these,the primer VVIV67 had the highest numbers of bands,with a total of 22.The average observed heterozygosity(Ho)of each locus was 0.671,the expected heterozygosity(He)was 0.790,and the Shannon’s information index(I)ranged from 1.142 to 2.627,with an average PIC value of 0.766.Genetic distance variation mainly ranged from 0.500 to 1.000,accounting for 92.399%of the total variation.The clustering analysis divided the test materials into 6 groups.GroupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢpredominantly included varieties introduced from France,the former Soviet Union,the United States,Italy,and other countries,while groups IV and V were mostly composed of the interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of China’s Vitis amurensis Rupr.varieties,group VI represented Vitis amurensis Rupr.varieties selected by China.Principal component analysis showed that the Vitis vinifera L.and Vitis amurensis Rupr.were genetically distant,and the Vitis vinifera L.varieties were genetically close.Genetic structure analysis aggregated the wine grape core into two clusters of intraspecific or interspecific hybrids with Vitis vinifera L.and Vitis amurensis Rupr.as parents.The digital fingerprints accurately identified the various germplasms,with‘11-22-16’and‘12-10-60’,‘Kelemuboxi’and‘Caber

关 键 词：酿酒葡萄 SSR标记 遗传多样性 种质资源 数字指纹 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]