家族政治与斯里兰卡政治强人的形成  

Family Politics and the Rise of Political Strongmen in Sri Lanka

作　　者：何演 He Yan

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际与地区研究院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2024年第4期102-128,157,158,共29页South Asian Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“‘印太战略’背景下中国-南亚安全关系变化研究”(项目批准号:22JJD810025)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：斯里兰卡自民族独立以来通过西方民主选举上台的不同领导人在政府行为上表现迥异,呈现出明显的弱势与强势的差异,其中强势领导人反复出现并被冠以“政治强人”之名。在政治稳定运行的斯里兰卡为什么会产生政治强人现象?本文提出,家族传统和家族稳定性是决定斯里兰卡政治强人形成的核心原因。当政治领导人既具备家族传统又有较高的家族稳定性时,通过控制关键职位和增强追随者凝聚力,该领导人更有可能成为政治强人。而不具备家族传统或有家族传统但家族稳定性低的政治领导人更倾向于与其他政治力量联合,易出现政治内耗而分化领导人权威。通过运用案例比较研究和比较历史分析方法,本文选取1994年至2019年的库马拉通加夫人、马欣达和西里塞纳三个总统任期进行案例研究和理论检验,以揭示政治家族作用于国家领导人权力的过程和机制。Since Sri Lanka's independence,its leaders,elected through Western-style democratic elections,have exhibited significant variation in approaches to power and governance,with strong leaders repeatedly being branded as"political strongmen".Why does Sri Lanka,with a stable political framework,produce political strongmen?This paper argues that family tradition and family stability are key factors resulting in the emergence of political strongmen.Leaders with both strong family tradition and high levels of family stability are more likely to become strongmen by controlling key positions and consolidating cohesion among followers.In contrast,leaders without such family tradition or with low family stability tend to form alliances with other political forces,which can lead to internal friction and weaken their authority.Through case studies and historical analysis,the paper examines the presidencies of Chandrika Kumaratunga,Mahinda Rajapaksa,and Maithripala Sirisena from 1994 to 2019,exploring the role of family politics in shaping national leadership.

关 键 词：家族政治 政治强人 斯里兰卡 总统权力 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]