脱髓鞘病变中星形胶质细胞周围微环境的变化  

Changes in astrocyte microenvironment in demyelinating lesions

作　　者：尚晓玲[1] 陈雨秋 Shang Xiaoling;Chen Yuqiu(School of Basic Medicine,Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]长春中医药大学基础医学院,长春130117

出　　处：《中华神经医学杂志》2024年第12期1272-1278,共7页Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81873216);第五批全国中医临床优秀人才研修项目。

摘　　要：星形胶质细胞(AS)是中枢神经系统中主要的胶质细胞类型,其通过摄取和回收神经递质、提供能量物质、合成脂类和释放胶质递质等方式维持突触稳态、调控大脑功能。静息态AS向反应性AS转变,是神经炎症的发病机制,也是多种脱髓鞘病变的一个共同特征。在脱髓鞘病变中AS的调控功能会随着细胞周围微环境的变化而变化。本文围绕脱髓鞘病变中AS周围微环境的变化(例如胆固醇的分泌、细胞外基质的沉积、外泌体的释放、细胞毒性物质的分泌和肠道微生物群的干扰)及其对AS的影响进行综述,以期为脱髓鞘病变的治疗提供参考。Astrocyte is the main type of glial cells in the central nervous system,maintaining its synaptic homeostasis through uptake and recovery of neurotransmitters,supply of energy substances,synthesis of lipids,and release of glial transmitters.The transition from resting astrocyte to reactive astrocyte is a node of inflammatory pathogenesis and a common feature of many demyelinating diseases.In demyelinating lesions,these functions of the astrocyte vary with changes in the cellular microenvironment.In this study,we investigate the dynamic changes of astrocyte microenvironment in demyelinating lesions,such as cholesterol secretion,extracellular matrix deposition,exosome regulation,cytotoxic substance secretion and gut microbiota interference,and its effect on AS,so as to provide evidences for treatment of demyelinating lesions.

关 键 词：星形胶质细胞 脱髓鞘 微环境 外泌体 区域异质性 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]