四种红鳍东方鲀养殖系统的微生物群落多样性研究  

Studies on Microbial Community Diversity of Four Takifugu rubripes Culture Systems

作　　者：郑昕元 田相利[1] 王润泽 泮淼军 王龙斌 张海恩 李卫东 Zheng Xinyuan;Tian Xiangli;Wang Runze;Pan Miaojun;Wang Longbin;Zhang Haien;Li Weidong(Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Tangshan Haidu Seafood Company Limited,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]唐山海都水产食品有限公司,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期30-44,共15页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2023YFD2401705,2020YFD0900200)资助。

摘　　要：为了查明红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)池塘养殖系统微生物群落特征,本研究采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术,设置了红鳍东方鲀单养系统、红鳍东方鲀-美洲帘蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)二元混养系统、红鳍东方鲀-日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)-美洲帘蛤三元混养系统和红鳍东方鲀-日本对虾传统混养系统四种红鳍东方鲀养殖系统,对这四种养殖系统的红鳍东方鲀肠道微生物、水体微生物和沉积物微生物群落结构和多样性进行了比较研究。研究表明,弯曲杆菌门(Campilobacterota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、螺旋菌门(Spirochaetota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是红鳍东方鲀肠道微生物群落中优势菌门,其中弯曲杆菌门是其特有的优势菌门。变形菌门、脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)为沉积物微生物群落中优势菌门;变形菌门、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)为水体微生物群落中优势菌门。不同养殖系统的红鳍东方鲀肠道微生物α多样性未见显著差异,但不同系统的红鳍东方鲀肠道、沉积物和水体的微生物群落结构存在显著差异。红鳍东方鲀肠道微生物与环境微生物相似性较低,表明肠道微生物组成受环境微生物的影响较小。冗余分析表明,环境微生物群落结构和多样性受沉积物和水体环境因子的影响,其中盐度、氨氮、亚硝氮、硝氮和总氮与水体菌群群落结构显著相关,而亚硝氮、硝氮和总氮则与沉积物菌群群落结构显著相关。研究结果表明,不同混养模式显著影响红鳍东方鲀肠道及环境的微生物群落结构,养殖模式不同导致的环境理化因子变化可能是导致环境微生物群落结构差异的重要原因。In order to investigate the microbial community characteristics of Takifugu rubripes pond culture systems,16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used in this study.The community structure and diversity of gut microorganisms,water microorganisms and sediment microorganisms in T.rubripes single culture system,the bi-species polyculture system of T.rubripes with Mercenaria mercenaria,the tri-species polyculture system of T.rubripes with Penaeus japonicus and M.mercenaria,and the traditional bi-species polyculture system of T.rubripes with Penaeus japonicus were compared.The results showed that Campilobacteria,Proteobacteria,Spirochaetota and Firmicutes are the dominant bacteria in the intestinal microbes of T.rubripes.Campylobacter may be the unique dominant bacteria in the gut of T.rubripes.Desulfobacterota,Bacteroidota,Firmicutes and Chloroflexi are the dominant bacteria in the sediment.Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,Bacteroides and Actinobacteriota are the dominant bacteria in the water.Although there was no significant difference in microbialαdiversity in the gut of T.rubripes in different systems,the PCoA analysis showed that there were significant differences in microbial community structure among gut,sediment and water of T.rubripes in different culture systems.The similarity between gut microbes and environmental microbes each culture system was low,indicating that the intestinal microbial composition of T.rubripes may be less affected by environmental microorganisms.Redundancy analysis showed that the community structure and diversity of environmental microorganisms were affected by sediment and water environmental factors,respectively.Among them,salinity,ammonia nitrogen,nitrous nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen were significantly correlated with the community structure of water flora(P<0.05)while nitrous nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen were significantly correlated with the community structure of sediment flora(P<0.05).

关 键 词：微生物多样性 细菌群落结构 鱼虾贝混养 环境因子 红鳍东方鲀 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]