内蒙古赤峰元宝山积石冢彩绘陶器的物化组成与原料特质初步分析  

Preliminary Analysis of Chemical and Mineral Composition and Raw Material Characteristics of Painted Potteries from Yuanbaoshan Accumulate Stone Tombs in Chifeng,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

作　　者：王甜 贺子龙 朱建锋[1] 侯亮亮 李惠惠 党郁 李强[4] Wang Tian;He Zilong;Zhu Jianfeng;Hou Liangliang;Li Huihui;Dang Yu;Li Qiang(School of Conservation Science&Technology,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology;College of Archaeology and Museology,Shanxi University;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology;Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学文物保护科学与技术学院 [2]山西大学考古文博学院 [3]内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院 [4]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所

出　　处：《草原文物》2024年第4期88-97,共10页Steppe Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(项目批准号:62205191);陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(项目批准号:22JY008);陕西省科技厅重点科研计划项目(项目批准号:2023WGZJ-YB-45)资助;国家文物局考古中国重大项目“红山社会文明化进程研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在考古学初步研究的基础上,为了明确内蒙古赤峰元宝山积石冢彩绘陶器的原料特质,本文选取元宝山积石冢出土23片彩绘陶片,采用超景深显微镜、X射线荧光与显微共聚焦拉曼光谱技术研究红彩、黑彩和胎体的微观形貌与物化组成,解析彩绘陶器的原料特征,并与同时期不同地域的红山文化遗址出土陶器的原料特征进行对比分析。结果表明:元宝山积石冢出土彩陶的胎体和红彩的主要呈色元素均为铁和钛,但红彩铁含量更高(7.04~10.09 wt%),而黑彩中呈色元素除了铁和钛,还含有较高含量的锰(2.11~14.78 wt%)。胎体杂质晶体较少,胎体细腻。红彩的物相组成主要为石英、赤铁矿、金红石,黑彩的物相组成主要为赤铁矿和黑锰矿。此外,相对于同时期不同地域红山文化遗址陶器,元宝山陶胎的碱土金属含量更高,富钙镁类矿物适量的加入能够提高陶胎的致密性。Based on preliminary archaeological research,in order to understand the raw materials used to manufacture the ancient potteries excavated at the Yuanbaoshan accumulate stone tombs in Chifeng,Inner Mongolia,this work selected 23 pieces of painted pottery fragments from the tombs and applied optical microscope coupled with a surface depth observation system,X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and micro-Raman spectroscopy to investigate the microstructure,chemical and mineral composition of painted potteries with red decors,black decors and bodies,analysis of painted potteries material characteristics,and compare and analyze the raw material characteristics of potteries unearthed from Hongshan cultural sites in different regions of the same period.The results show that the colorant elements in the bodies and red decors are mainly iron and titanium,but the content of iron in red decors is higher(7.04~10.09 wt%),while the color elements in the black color contained a higher content of manganese(2.11~14.78 wt%)in addition to iron and titanium.The bodies has fewer impurity crystals and a delicate bodies.The phase composition of red decors is mainly quartz,hematite and rutile,and the phase composition of black decors is mainly hematite and hausmannite.In addition,compared with the potteries of Hongshan cultural sites in different regions of the same period,the alkaline earth metal content of Yuanbaoshan pottery is higher,and the addition of rich calcium and magnesium minerals can improve the compactness of pottery.

关 键 词：元宝山积石冢 红山文化 陶器 物化分析 原料特质 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]