红山文化晚期居民变形颅骨测量数据矫正  

Correction of Deformed Craniometric Data of Late Hongshan Culture Inhabitants

作　　者：张旭 Zhang Xu(Key Laboratory of Archaeological Sciences and Cutural Heritage,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院科技考古与文化遗产保护重点实验室

出　　处：《草原文物》2024年第4期114-120,共7页Steppe Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“红山文化与西辽河流域文化进程综合研究”子课题“西辽河流域红山文化资源与生业研究”(项目编号:23VLS006);“中华文明探源研究”之“中华文明起源进程中的古代人群与分子生物学研究”(课题编号:2020YGC1521607)、国家文物局考古中国重大项目“红山文化社会文明化进程研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究首次对牛河梁和田家沟两处遗址枕部变形颅骨测量数据进行了矫正,采用了夏皮罗教授提出的普适性矫正公式,为理解红山文化晚期居民的体质特征提供了重要数据支持;本文还利用马氏平方距离的计算方法,对矫正后的颅骨测量数据进行了整合分析,与相关对照组人群进行比较后,结果表明,红山文化晚期居民的颅面形态特征与庙后山为代表的古东北类型居民之间的生物距离最小,表明其可能在遗传上与东北地区原住民人群有着密切联系;同时,其颅面形态又与古中原类型和古华北类型居民存在一定的相似性,这可能暗示了红山文化在发展过程中与其他人群的遗传交流与文化融合。结合古DNA分析和考古学研究,本文认为红山文化晚期居民颅面形态的多样性是多族群交流与融合的直接体现。In this study,we adjusted the craniometric data for occipital deformation from the Niuheliang and Tianjiagou sites using Shapiro's correction formula.Subsequently,we compared the data with biological distances between different groups by employing the Square of Mahalanobis Distances calculation method.Our findings suggest that the craniofacial morphological features of the late Hongshan Culture inhabitants closely resemble those of the Ancient Northeastern type inhabitants,indicating a close genetic relationship with the aboriginal populations of the Northeastern region.We also observed some similarity between the inhabitants of the Ancient Central Plains type and the Ancient Northern China type,potentially indicating genetic exchanges and cultural fusions with other populations during the development of the Hongshan Culture.Based on ancient DNA analysis and archaeological research,we conclude that the diversity of craniofacial morphology in the late Hongshan Culture reflects multi-ethnic exchange and integration.

关 键 词：红山文化 颅骨测量矫正 生物距离 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]