劳动所有权何以异化为资本所有权?——从洛克、黑格尔到马克思  

Study on the Alienation of Labor Ownership into the Capital Ownership:From Locke,Hegel to Marx

作　　者：胡顺 HU Shun(School of Marxism,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学马克思主义学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《江苏海洋大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期40-48,共9页Journal of Jiangsu Ocean University(Humanities & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA017)。

摘　　要：洛克对劳动所有权的论证呈现为“上帝→人格(身体)→劳动→物”逐次递减的逻辑,在将货币引入其中后,贫富开始出现。黑格尔的卓越贡献就在于他从思辨哲学的深度论证了劳动所有权,呈现为“人格(人格性/意志与身体的统一)→占有→物”逐次递减的逻辑,尤其是他最先意识到了贫困问题的严峻性以及贫困与所有权之间的内在关联。而马克思历史性地分析了劳动所有权,从生产关系入手研究所有权,呈现为“所有权→资产阶级所有权(法权关系)→资本主义生产关系→资本主义生产资料私有制”层层深入的逻辑,揭示了人的贫困之中所掩藏的隐性剥削。从洛克到黑格尔再到马克思的思路历程,揭示了劳动与所有权如何从同一走向分离的过程。Locke's argument for labor ownership presents a decreasing logic of"God→personality(body)→labor→object",and after introducing money into it,wealth and poverty begin to emerge.Hegel's outstanding contribution lies in his profound argument for labor ownership from the perspective of speculative philosophy,presented as a logic of"personality(unity of personality/will and body)→possession→object"gradually decreasing.Especially,he was the first to realize the severity of poverty and the inherent relationship between poverty and ownership.Marx historically analyzes labor ownership and studies ownership from the perspective of production relations,presenting a logic of"ownership-bourgeois ownership(legal rights relations)-capitalist production relations→private ownership of capitalist means of production"in depth,revealing the hidden exploitation hidden in human poverty.The thought process from Locke to Hegel and then to Marx reveals how labor and ownership move from unity to separation.

关 键 词：劳动所有权 资本所有权 异化 剥削 财产权 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]