双孢蘑菇无菌透气袋国产化研制及工艺改进  

Localization Development and Process Improvement of Sterile Ventilated Bag for Agaricus bisporus

作　　者：陈文智 蔡志欣[1] 曾志恒[1] 陈美元[1] 戴建清[1] Chen Wenzhi;Cai Zhixin;Zeng Zhiheng;Chen Meiyuan;Dai Jianqing(Edible Mushroom Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding&Cultivation of Featured Edible Fungi,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所/特色食用菌繁育与栽培国家地方联合工程研究中心,福建福州350013

出　　处：《东南园艺》2024年第6期464-471,共8页Southeast Horticulture

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-20);福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(zycxny2021011);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2023R1033002);福建省农业科学院东西部协作项目(DKBF2024-11)。

摘　　要：【目的】采用国产聚丙烯(C3H6)n合成树脂袋和国产医用粘性透气膜制成的无菌透气袋,取代进口无菌透气袋进行双孢蘑菇制种,同时通过工艺改进提升国产无菌透气袋制种成品率,大幅降低生产成本,以实现双孢蘑菇无菌透气袋的国产化。【方法】采用各型自制无菌透气袋和进口成品无菌透气袋,通过Ⅰ型制种工艺:塑料袋打孔→贴膜→装袋高压→冷却接种→封口检漏→翻袋→培养,和Ⅱ型制种工艺:装袋高压→冷却接种→封口检漏→翻袋→打孔→贴膜→培养,进行批量制种试验,比较制种成品率和制种效率,并进行出菇对照试验。【结果】通过工艺关键点改进的Ⅱ型制种工艺,可使采用全国产材料的透气菌袋制种成品率达96%以上,生产效率提升11.2%,与进口无菌透气袋菌种进行出菇试验对比无显著差异。【结论】采用全国产材料制成无菌透气袋可替代进口无菌透气袋进行双孢蘑菇制种,通过使用改进的Ⅱ型制种工艺,比进口透气袋大幅降低菌种包装成本80%以上,大幅提升国内双孢蘑菇菌种的市场竞争力。【Objective】Sterile ventilated bags for Agaricus bisporus,manufactured by domestic polypropylen:(C3H6)n synthetic resin bag and medical adhesive breathable film,were used for spawn production to replace imported bag.Through process improvements,the yield using domestic sterile ventilated bag for spawn production was improved,the production cost was greatly reduced to achieving the localization of sterile ventilated bags for Agaricus bisporus.【Method】There were two types of spawn production processes.Type Ⅰ:plastic bag punching→film sticking→bagging under high pressure→inoculation after cooling→sealing inspection→bag flipping→cultivation,and Type Ⅱ spawn production process:bagging under high pressure→inoculation after cooling→sealing inspection→overturning bag piles→punching→film sticking→cultivation.Various types of self-made sterile ventilated bags and imported finished sterile ventilated bags were used for batches of spawn production by Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ processes.The yield and efficiency of spawn production were compared and mushroom cultivation control experiment was also carried out.【Result】Type Ⅱ spawn production process improved in key points could obtain over 96% of yield when using domestically produced ventilated bag,with a 11.2% increase in production efficiency.There was no significant difference in fruiting experiment between domestic and imported sterile breathable bag.【Conclusion】Combined with improved Type Ⅱ spawn production and using sterile ventilated bags produced by domestic materials replacing imported bags,the packaging cost of spawn can be reduced by over 80% compared to imported ventilated bags,significantly enhancing the domestic market competitiveness of Agaricus bisporus spawn.

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 透气袋 透气膜 国产化 

分 类 号：S646.11[农业科学—蔬菜学]