仿信天翁变形翼动态滑翔获能特性  

Dynamic soaring performance of albatross-inspired morphing wing

作　　者：王为 安伟刚[1,2] 宋笔锋 杨文青[1,2,3] Wei WANG;Weigang AN;Bifeng SONG;Wenqing YANG(School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design,Xi’an 710072,China;Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518063,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航空学院,西安710072 [2]飞行器基础布局全国重点实验室,西安710072 [3]西北工业大学深圳研究院,深圳518063

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第24期63-78,共16页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2023A1515010774);西北工业大学博士论文创新基金(CX2024037)。

摘　　要：信天翁能够利用海面上的水平风梯度,利用动态滑翔实现长距离无动力迁徙,这样的飞行模式在提升无人机航程、航时、抗风上有着巨大潜力。然而,现有无人机动态滑翔过程中存在获能效率低的问题,难以彰显动态滑翔的优势,成为阻碍无人机动态滑翔应用的瓶颈。因此,围绕无人机动态滑翔获能效率问题,基于前期研究者对翅膀变形效果的探索,以仿信天翁变形翼为研究对象,分析机翼变构型对无人机动态滑翔获能的影响特性。通过设计具有信天翁翅膀外形特征的可变形无人机机翼,还原信天翁翅膀的气动性能与变构型模式,利用气动力代理模型、航迹优化程序,求解无人机机翼变构型对动态滑翔航迹、获能的影响规律,并进一步分析机翼变形作用机制。研究结果表明,经过机翼变构型,无人机动态滑翔航时增加12.7%,整体获能效率提升16.8%以上。无人机能够在动态滑翔的不同阶段分别以增升或以减阻为目标,选择对应的机翼变形模式,从而保证最佳升阻比,使得飞行中变形翼升阻比均大于固定翼,最大升阻比增大20.1%。研究得到的无人机动态滑翔最优机翼变构型模式与真实信天翁翅膀变形规律相似,明确了机翼变构型对无人机动态滑翔获能效率的提升,并且给出具体可行的变形模式。Albatrosses can achieve long-distance migrations without flapping their wings by utilizing the horizontal wind gradient above the sea.Their gliding mode is known as dynamic soaring,which has great potential in improving the range,endurance,and wind resistance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs).However,current UAVs are suffering from low energy harvesting efficiency,which hinders the full realization of the advantages of dynamic soaring,and poses a bottleneck for UAV applications.This paper aims to address the problem of UAV dynamic soaring energy harvesting efficiency.Based on the results of previous research on wing morphing,research on the albatross-inspired morphing wing is conducted to analyze the impact of wing morphing on the characteristics of dynamic soaring energy harvesting.An albatross-inspired morphing wing is designed,and its aerodynamic performance and morphing modes are simulated.An aerodynamic surrogate model and trajectory optimization are used to investigate the influence of wing morphing on dynamic soaring trajectories and energy harvesting efficiency,as well as to analyze the underlying mechanisms of wing morphing.The results show that wing morphing increases the endurance of UAV dynamic soaring by 12.7%,and improves the overall energy harvesting efficiency by over 16.8%.The UAV can choose the corresponding wing morphing pattern in different dynamic soaring phases to increase lift or reduce drag,so as to ensure the best lift-drag ratio.The lift-drag ratio of the morphing wing is greater than the fixed wing in flight,with a maximum of 20.1%higher lift-drag ratio.The optimal wing morphing pattern of UAV dynamic soaring obtained is similar to the real wing deformation law of the albatross,and the influence of wing morphing on UAV dynamic soaring energy harvesting efficiency and the feasible morphing patterns are defined.

关 键 词：动态滑翔 机翼变构型 航迹优化 Kriging代理模型 获能效率 

分 类 号：V22[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]