考虑吸波材料的雷达散射截面伴随优化方法  

Radar cross section optimization based on adjoint approach considering radar absorbing material

作　　者：周琳 黄江涛 钟世东 刘刚 邓俊 高正红[2] Lin ZHOU;Jiangtao HUANG;Shidong ZHONG;Gang LIU;Jun DENG;Zhenghong GAO(Aerospace Technology Institute,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China;School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所,绵阳621000 [2]西北工业大学航空学院,西安710072

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第24期167-178,共12页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

摘　　要：反隐身技术的发展对军用飞行器的隐身性能提出更高要求,针对考虑吸波材料的飞行器低雷达散射截面(RCS)设计问题,结合阻抗边界条件,建立了考虑吸波材料的麦克斯韦方程离散伴随方程,推导了伴随方程的多层快速多极子展开形式,实现了RCS关于外形、材料电参数、涂覆厚度等参数的高效、高精度梯度求解。提出一种基于开关函数的吸波材料涂覆位置优化方法,采用进气道等典型外形对几何外形、材料涂覆位置、涂敷厚度、电磁参数等设计变量开展优化设计。设计结果表明,考虑吸波材料特性的伴随优化方法可以在理想导体外形设计和材料涂敷的基础上进一步减缩散射强度,同时能够实现对材料参数、涂覆厚度的优化设计,为吸波材料的选择和涂覆提供指导;基于开关函数的涂覆位置优化能够在材料总重量的约束下,实现吸波材料的最优分配。提出的吸波材料的RCS伴随优化方法可以为吸波材料高效涂敷方案设计提供参考和技术支撑。The development of anti-stealth technology has put forward higher requirements for the stealth performance of military aircraft.This study establishes a discrete adjoint equation of Maxwell’s equation considering the absorbing material to perform optimization design of low observable aircraft considering the absorbing material.The fast multi-layer multipole expansion form of the adjoint equation is derived,achieving efficient RCS gradient calculation with respect to shape parameters,material electrical parameters,and coating thickness.A switch function is proposed to conduct absorbing material coating position optimization.Shape parameters,material coating position,coating thickness,and electromagnetic parameters are optimized using the adjoint method.Numerical results indicate that the adjoint approach can further reduce the cavity RCS compared to the ideal conductor shape design and material coating.Also,the adjoint approach is able to optimize the design of material parameters and coating thickness,providing guidance for the selection and coating of the absorbing material.Optimization of the coating position based on the switch function can achieve optimal allocation of the absorbing material with the constraint of total material weight.The proposed RCS adjoint optimization method considering the absorbing material can provide technical support for the efficient design of coating position and absorbing material coefficients.

关 键 词：伴随方程 雷达吸波材料 阻抗边界条件 雷达散射截面 梯度优化 

分 类 号：V218[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]