“劳工神圣”思潮与五四新文学的“劳工”取向  

The Trend of “Sacred Labor” and the “Labor” Orientation of May Fourth New Literature

作　　者：任杰[1] Ren Jie

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,西安710119

出　　处：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期206-214,239,240,共11页Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目“延安时期鲁迅图像研究”(2023H002);中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助项目(2023M742192)。

摘　　要：自1918年蔡元培正式提出“劳工神圣”口号之后,社会上迅速生成了尊崇劳动价值、关注劳工问题的社会风潮。这一思潮的生成与无政府主义、泛劳动主义、新村运动等潮流的兴起和发展有着密切关联。在“劳工神圣”思潮的影响下,欲以文学改造社会的新文学作者纷纷开始关注劳工,他们不止在观念上推崇劳工价值、倡扬“劳工神圣”,更着力对劳工进行了不同方面的刻写,使“劳工”成为新文学的基本主题。众多的劳工书写显示了五四新文学的总体倾向,即视线向下、重视体力劳动者、突显平民化色彩、摒弃威权和破除等级差异。与其说“劳工神圣”思潮影响了五四新文学,不如说,新文学的演进路径本身就与之相契合,而形成了以“劳工”为内核的发展取向与书写模式。After Cai Yuanpei officially put forward the slogan “Labor is sacred” in 1918,a social trend quickly emerged that revered the value of labor and paid attention to labor issues.The emergence of this ideological trend was closely related to the rise and development of anarchism,pan-laborism,and the New Village Movement,exerting a tremendous influence on culture,ideology,politics,and various other aspects of society at that time.Prompted by the “Labor is sacred” ideological trend,new literature authors who sought to transform society through literature began to focus on labor.They not only advocated the value of labor and promoted the labor-is-sacred idea in their beliefs,but also made efforts to depict labor in various aspects,making it a fundamental theme of new literature.The numerous depictions of labor concerned not only the lives of workers or social conditions,but also the creative concepts and overall landscape of new literature,and even the fundamental question of what made new literature new.Within the overall ideological trend of “Labor is sacred,” the May Fourth New Literature included descriptions of the poor living conditions of workers,as well as imaginations of a new life with workers as the main body.It is particularly noteworthy that the new literature was full of tributes and praises to the “sacred” workers,which was unprecedented in the entire history of Chinese literature.Furthermore,whether adopting an enlightener's stance to show sympathy and compassion for workers,or promoting workers from a self-deprecating mindset,new-style writers and intellectuals all regarded workers as an important force for social change.They paid attention to the situation of workers in literary creation,strongly advocated the value of their labor,and continuously elevated their social status.These depictions of labor not only revealed the hardships of workers and the poverty of their lives,but also often highlighted the moral and value-based nobility of the worker group,which became a prominent theme

关 键 词：劳工神圣 五四新文学 “劳工”取向 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]