汉学对破译古埃及文字的贡献  

Contribution of Sinology to Decipherment of Egyptian Hieroglyphs

作　　者：王海利[1] Wang Haili

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2024年第4期19-32,289,290,共16页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学项目“比较视域下的古埃及文字研究”(项目编号:19VJX072)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：埃及学是近代在法国产生的以解读古埃及文字文献为基础,全面研究古代埃及文明的一门综合性学科,国际学界通常以1822年法国学者商博良破译古埃及文字作为该学科诞生的标志。本文对商博良破译古埃及文字取得成功的原因进行了深入探讨。通过详细追述中国语言文字被介绍到欧洲的历史,结合欧洲汉学产生的经过,理性分析商博良对于中国语言文字的了解,发现正是由于商博良所掌握的丰富、深入而准确的汉语汉字知识,使得他能够钩深索隐,从汉语汉字中获取灵感,从而成功揭开了古埃及文字的神秘面纱。因此,汉学对古埃及文字的破译、埃及学的产生发挥了极其重要的作用。Based on the interpretation of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs,Egyptology as a comprehensive discipline including the studies of ancient Egyptian politics,economy,religion,history,culture,and architecture,medicine,etc.,was first established in modern France.The international academic community usually regards the French scholar Jean François Champollion’s decipherment of the Rosetta Stone in 1822 as the symbol of the birth of Egyptology.This article explores in-depth discussions on the success of Champollion’s decipherment,and makes a detailed recounting of the history of Chinese language and characters which were introduced into the Europe.Through the rational and thorough analysis,the author points out that it is precisely the rich,deep and accurate knowledge of Chinese characters Champollion mastered,made him obtain inspiration from Chinese characters,and eventually took off the veil of Egyptian hieroglyphs.The deciphering of Egyptian hieroglyphs benefited from the birth of Sinology in Europe.Sinology had important impact on the genesis of Egyptology.

关 键 词：商博良 汉字 古埃及文字 埃及学 汉学 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]