中古时代波斯人对中亚他者族群形象的建构与共生关系  

The Image Construction of and Co-Existence with the Ethnic Groups in Central Asia Seen as the Other by the Persians in the Middle Ages

作　　者：龙沛 Pei Long

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,西安710127

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第6期73-86,共14页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：2024年度国家社科基金青年项目“《众王之书》与萨珊帝国时期的波斯史学研究”(项目批准号:24CSS048)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：波斯人与中亚游牧人的冲突交往贯穿铁器时代初期至近代早期的历史中,波斯古典世界观中的中亚游牧人具有典型的对立型他者形象。而突厥语系民族在11世纪进入中亚并征服波斯之后,波斯人将自身历史记忆中的图兰人与中亚的突厥人之间建立起想象的族群渊源,并使伊斯兰化之后的突厥人接受了波斯人的图兰记忆。而中世纪晚期突厥—蒙古王朝在中亚和伊朗的统治,进一步将突厥认同泛化为对王朝统治族群的认同,并以之与代表定居波斯人的“塔吉克”相对举。因此,波斯化世界语境下的“突厥”认同是“突厥—塔吉克”反义文化认同的内生性组成部分,是中古波斯人历史记忆对中亚他者族群构建的产物。波斯人和突厥人的历史交往过程也是族群认同构建与涵化的双向过程,由此对现代伊朗和中亚民族国家形成产生深远的影响。The conflict between the Persians and the Central Asian nomads ran through the early Iron Age to the early modern times.In the Persian classical world view,the Central Asian nomads had a typical image of opposite other.After the Turkic peoples entered Central Asia and conquered Persia in the 11th century,the Persians established an imaginary ethnic relationship between the Turanians in their own historical memory and the Turkic peoples in Central Asia,and made the Turkic peoples,after their Islamization,accept the Persian Turanian memory.The rule of the Turkic-Mongol dynasty in Central Asia and Iran in the late Middle Ages further generalized Turkic identity to that of the dynastic ruling ethnic group,as opposed to the“Tajiks”representing the settled Persians.Therefore,the“Turkic”identity in the context of medieval Persianized world discourse was an intrinsic part of the“Turk-Tajik”antisense cultural identity,and a product of the construction of the ethnic groups seen as the other in Central Asia by the historical memory of the Persians in the Middle Ages.The historical interaction between the Persians and the Turkic peoples was also a two-way process of ethnic identity construction and acculturation,which had a profound impact on the formation of modern Iran and the nation-states in Central Asia.

关 键 词：波斯化世界 图兰认同 突厥—塔吉克范式 共生关系 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]