“布匿诚信”与罗马人眼中的外族形象  

Punica Fides and the Image of Aliens from the Romans'Perspective

作　　者：王悦[1] Wang Yue

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第6期43-56,168,169,共16页World History

摘　　要：罗马人与外族的对立伴随着对外战争的发生而发展,罗马人在征服战争中不断确认自身和外族的形象。汉尼拔战争是海外战争的重要里程碑,也是外族形象发展的关键时期。外敌形象在罗马人心中深深扎根,“布匿诚信”这一负面俗语的流传体现出罗马人对外族的道德矮化和对自身的形象塑造。迦太基人言而无信、狡黠诡诈的陈词套语揭示出征服者对被征服者形象的绝对支配。同时,“布匿诚信”在具体语境下的灵活用法和微妙内涵折射出罗马人对外族的复杂态度,他们甚至将常归于外族的道德失范引向自身。罗马既以外族为价值观的对立面,又以外族为参照省察自身,自身与他者对立相视和等量齐观是罗马外族观念不可分割的两个方面。The antagonism between the Romans and aliens developed with the outbreak of foreign wars and the Romans constantly confirmed the image of aliens and their own image in those wars of conquest.The Hannibalic War was a milestone in the Roman overseas wars and a critical period of the development of image of aliens.The image of foreign enemies was deeply rooted in the idea of the Romans,and the spread of the negative idiom of Punica fides reflected the Romans'moral depreciation of aliens and the shaping of their own identity.The stereotypes relating to the Carthaginian untrustworthy and cunning image exposed the absolute dominance of the conqueror over the image of the conquered.At the same time,the flexible use and subtle connotation of Punica fides in specific context reflected the complex attitude of the Romans towards the aliens.They even often attributed their own immorality to the aliens.The Romans took the aliens not only as the antithesis of their values,but also as the reference to examine themselves.The opposite and equal view of others and the Romans themselves were inseparable in the Romans'perspective of the aliens.

关 键 词：罗马人 汉尼拔 迦太基 布匿诚信 外族形象 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]