猫的宠物化与近代法国资产阶级的社会身份  

The Familiarisation of Cats and the Social Identity of the Bourgeoisie in Modern France

作　　者：唐运冠 Tang Yunguan

机构地区：[1]温州大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第6期124-137,171,172,共16页World History

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“游戏与法国近代社会转型研究”(项目编号:21YJA770006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在以贵族庇护制下的公共生活为主导的中世纪和近代早期,厌恶猫一直是法国人对猫的主流态度,猫的独立性使它们广受猜忌和怀疑,甚至伏尔泰等启蒙精英对猫也有诸多偏见。18世纪,法国资产阶级成为第一个把猫当作宠物的社会群体,这与由新兴资产阶级引领的注重家庭私密情感并追求独立的新型情感价值取向有关。猫因此被视作威胁贵族秩序的资产阶级的象征。不过,资产阶级有意识地把猫当作宠物,这既是对当时法国主流文化的反叛,也是资产阶级的“文化宣言”。这表明他们是一个有独立身份意识的社会阶层。19世纪,随着独立、自由的观念和资产阶级的生活方式在法国日渐普及,猫的形象和地位逐渐改变。同时,由于猫与资产阶级生活方式的特殊关联,法国文人把有关猫的讨论与他们对法兰西民族特性的想象联系在一起。In the medieval and early modern periods which were dominated by the public life under the aristocratic patronage system,disgust and hatred were the main social ttitude towards cats in France,as the independency of cats caused extensive suspicion and scepticism on them.Even Voltaire and other Enlightenment elites held much prejudice against cats.In the 18^(th) century,the French bourgeoisie became the first social group of having structurally significance to treat cats as pets.Such development was related to a novel emotional value orientation led by the emerging bourgeoisie that focused on private family feelings and pursuit of independency.Consequently,the discredited cats were pictured as a mirror of the bourgeoisie that threatened the aristocratic order.However,the fact that the bourgeoisie consciously adopted cats as pets was both a rebllion against the contemporary dominant culture and a'cultural statement'of the bourgeoisie.This indicates that they were a social class with a sense of independent identity.As the concepts of independency and freedom as well as the bourgeois lifestyle becoming increasingly popular in France,the image and status of cats changed gradully in their favour during the 19^(th)century.Meanwhile,the French intlligentsia discussed the issues of cats in the context of their respective imagination of the French national identity because of the special relation of cats with the bourgeois lifestyle.

关 键 词：近代法国 宠物猫 资产阶级 社会身份 民族特性 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]