不同极槽配合车用永磁电机多物理场仿真分析  

Multi physics field simulation analysis of different pole slots combined with automotive permanent magnet motors

作　　者：李国昊 尹红彬[1,2] 孙义港 张哲 毕向军 胡文静 LI Guohao;YIN Hongbin;SUN Yigang;ZHANG Zhe;BI Xiangjun;HU Wenjing(School of Traffic and Vehicle Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,Shandong 255049,China;China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Company Limited,Jinan,Shandong 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学交通与车辆工程学院,山东淄博255049 [2]中国重型汽车集团有限公司,山东济南250013

出　　处：《河北科技大学学报》2025年第1期8-20,共13页Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52305267);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022QE116);山东省精密制造与特种加工重点实验室资助项目(90015322019)。

摘　　要：针对车用永磁同步电机设计面临的诸多挑战,以8极48槽和8极36槽内置式永磁同步电机为研究对象,研究了不同极槽配合对车用永磁同步电机电磁性能以及振动噪声的影响。首先,比较分析不同极槽配合永磁同步电机的转矩波动、空载反电势,探究不同极槽配合对电机电磁性能的影响;其次,基于麦克斯韦应力张量法推导电磁力波的解析模型,并通过解析模型和有限元模型分别分析不同极槽配合的电机电磁力波的空间阶次和频率特征;最后,建立电机多物理场耦合模型,探究不同极槽配合对永磁同步电机振动噪声的影响。结果表明,8极36槽电机在转矩波动、空载反电势等电磁性能方面要显著优于8极48槽电机,然而,由于其存在较低的空间非零电磁力波,更易引发共振,产生振动噪声。分析结果揭示了不同极槽配合对永磁同步电机电磁性能及电机振动噪声的影响,为电机设计选取极槽配合以及后续优化提供了理论参考。Aiming at the problems in the design of permanent magnet synchronous motor for vehicles,taking the 8-pole 48-slot and 8-pole 36-slot interior permanent synchronous motors as subject,the influence of different pole-slot combinations on the electromagnetic performance and vibration noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor for vehicles were researched.Firstly,the torque ripples and no-load back electromotive forces of the permanent synchronous motor with different pole-slot combinations were comparatively analyzed in order to investigate the influence of different pole-slot combinations on the electromagnetic performance of the motor.Secondly,the analytical model of electromagnetic force wave was deduced based on Maxwell stress tensor method,and the spatial order and frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic force wave of the motor with different pole-slot combinations were analyzed by the analytical model and the finite element model,respectively.Finally,a multi-physical field coupling model of the motor was established to investigate the effects of different pole-slot combinations on the vibration noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.The results show that the 8-pole 36-slot motor is significantly better than the 8-pole 48-slot motor in terms of torque ripple,no-load back electromotive force,and other electromagnetic performances.However,due to the existence of lower spatial non-zero electromagnetic force waves,it is more likely to trigger resonance and generate vibration noise.The analytical results reveal the effects of different pole-slot combinations on the electromagnetic performance and vibration noise of permanent magnet synchronous motors,and provide theoretical references for the selection of pole-slot combinations and subsequent optimization of motor design.

关 键 词：电机学 永磁同步电机 极槽配合 电磁性能 振动噪声 电磁力波 

分 类 号：TM359.9[电气工程—电机]