民间文学艺术衍生作品独创性的认定困境与纾解  

The Dilemma and Relief of Recognizing the Originality of Works Derived from Folklore

作　　者：曾子玉 牛慧[2] ZEN Ziyu;NIU Hui(Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215426;Inner Mongola TechicalCollege Of Construction,Hohhot,Inner Mongola 010010)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215426 [2]内蒙古建筑职业技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《内蒙古艺术学院学报》2024年第3期164-174,共11页Journal of Inner Mongolia Arts University

摘　　要：以民间文学艺术及其作品为基础再创作的衍生作品,承载着弘扬民间传统文学艺术的重要使命,发挥着传承与创新的双重功能。然而,囿于民间文学艺术衍生作品立法空白、公有领域属性突出、内容同质化强以及法官存在专业化壁垒等原因,民间文学艺术衍生作品的独创性认定趋于混乱,尤其表现在概念指涉不明、独创性标准高低不一、认定方法随机性选用等方面。基于此,当前应从民间文学艺术衍生作品创作主体、客体、特征及定位多角度厘清其概念,立足类型化视角对整理汇编型衍生作品采用“独立完成+作者个性+一定工作量”低标准进行独创性认定,对二次创作型衍生作品采用“独立完成+作者个性+一定创作高度”高标准,并明确“抽象过滤对比”三步法作为衍生作品之间的独创性比较方法。文学艺术创作者在创作过程中应尊重来源群体的标注权及真实性、正当性要求,保有合理的创新张力及遵循惠益分享原则,以规避独创性认定争议及侵权纠纷。Derivative works based on the recreation of folk literature and art and their original works bear the function of inheriting and innovating traditional folk literature and art.However,due to the legislative gaps,prominent public domain attributes,strong content homogeneity,and professional barriers between literary and artistic expression forms and judges in works derived from folklore,the path to recognizing the originality of these derivative works has become chaotic.Unclear conceptual references,inconsistent standards for originality,and arbitrarily chosen recognition methods have become key obstacles in constructing their legal protection system.Therefore,it is currently necessary to clarify the concept of works derived from folklore from multiple perspectives,including the creative subject,object,characteristics,and positioning.From a typological perspective,a low standard of "independent completion + author's personality + minimal workload" should be adopted for the originality recognition of derivative works that are compilations or arrangements,while a high standard of "independent completion + author's personality + a certain level of creativity" should be applied to secondary creative derivative works.Additionally,the "three-step method of abstract filtering and comparison" should be explicitly established as the method for comparing the originality between derivative works.In the process of literary and artistic creation,creators should respect the attribution rights and the requirements of authenticity and legitimacy of the source communities,maintain a reasonable degree of creative tension,and adhere to the principle of benefit-sharing to avoid disputes over originality determination and potential infringement issues.

关 键 词：民间文学艺术衍生作品 独创性标准 独创性认定方法 

分 类 号：J0[艺术—艺术理论] J05-05