植物+微生物联合生态沟渠在盐度胁迫下的营养盐去除效果  

Nutrient removal effect of plant+microbial combined ecological ditch under salinity stress

作　　者：杨文焕[1,2] 彭耀华 徐岩 姚植 王乐乐 李卫平 YANG Wen-huan;PENG Yao-hua;XU Yan;YAO Zhi;WANG Le-le;LI Wei-ping(School of Energy and Environment,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization of the Yellow River Basin,Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia,China;Service Center of Daihai Nature Reserve,Liangcheng County,Ulanqab 013750,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]黄河流域内蒙古段生态保护与综合利用自治区协同创新中心,内蒙古包头014010 [3]凉城县岱海自然保护区服务中心,内蒙古乌兰察布013750

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第1期430-439,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167018);AMBBR工艺对含氮有机物降解特性和强化脱氮效能研究(2023QNJS137)。

摘　　要：为实现高效去除高盐湖体营养盐,以岱海湖为研究对象,本文基于混合植物生态沟渠技术,探究了植物+微生物联合生态沟渠在不同盐度梯度下对营养盐的去除效率、植物生长情况和微生物群落变化.研究发现,盐度胁迫下利用聚氨酯海绵将解淀粉芽孢杆菌固定在沟渠,能有效的强化系统中植物的耐盐性能,主要体现在促进植物生长、提高植物的抗氧化应激功能酶活性,加强植物对营养盐的同化吸收等.虽然向沟渠中投加解淀粉芽孢杆菌并未使其成为系统中的绝对优势菌属,但其能够改善系统中微生物群落结构,提高系统中脱氮除磷相关功能微生物的丰度进而提高沟渠的水质净化能力.结果表明,植物+微生物组沟渠在不同盐度下对水质的净化效果均显著高于单一植物/微生物生态沟渠,且在15g/L盐度下对营养盐去除效率最高,总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总磷(TP)和化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))平均去除率均达到70%以上.相较于植物沟渠,植物+微生物沟渠的3种抗氧化应激酶:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)在15g/L盐度条件下分别提高了33.70%、43.64%、38.68%.To efficiently remove nutrient salts in high salinity lakes,this study implemented a plant+microbial ditch at Daihai Lake.The nutrient removal efficiency,plant growth,and microbial community dynamics of this ecological ditch was investigated across different salinity gradients.Immobilizing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on polyurethane sponge within the ditch could significantly promote the growth of plant,enhance the activity of antioxidant stress-related enzymes,and strengthen the ability of plants to absorb and assimilate nutrients.Addiing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the ditch could not make it become the absolute dominant genus.but it could improve the microbial community structure,increase the abundance of functional microorganisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal,and enhance the water purification capacity of the ditch.Compared to ecological ditches with plant-only or microorganism-only,the integrated ecological ditch could achieve higher nutrient removal rates across different salinity concentrations.Specifically,over 70%TN,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TP,and COD_(Cr)could be removed in the integrated ditch at 15g/L salinity.Compared plant-only ditch,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and peroxidase(POD)in plants were increased 33.7%,43.6%,and 38.7%,respectively,in planted+microbial ditch at 15.0g/L salinity.

关 键 词：解淀粉芽孢杆菌 生态沟渠 盐度胁迫 抗氧化应激酶 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]