黄陂湖不同生境植物多样性与群落特征研究  

Study on Plant Diversity and Community Characteristics in Different Habitats of Huangpi Lake

作　　者：陈依林 田胜尼[1] 赵林[1] 王雅洁 CHEN Yi-lin;TIAN Sheng-ni;ZHAO Lin(School of Life Sciences,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第2期60-65,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]研究黄陂湖湿地不同生境植物群落物种多样性变化。[方法]以黄陂湖湿地陆生植物、水陆交错带植物和水生植物为研究对象,采用样线调查法和踏查法,分析不同生境植物群落物种多样性特征和主要优势物种群落。[结果]在整个黄陂湖湿地共调查到306种植物,隶属78科218属,其中陆生植物调查到225种,隶属60科165属;水陆交错带植物调查到199种,隶属48科134属;水生植物调查到32种,隶属16科24属。陆生与水陆交错带植物物种组成差异不明显,但2种生境与水生植物物种组成差异明显。从植物多样性上来看,陆生和水陆交错带植物的物种多样性高于水生植物,其中,陆生和水陆交错带植物的多样性指数差异不明显,但2种生境植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数均高于水生植物,水生植物的Simpson指数高于陆生和水陆交错带植物。从群落特征来看,黄陂湖湿地陆生和水陆交错带植物群落以菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和豆科(Fabaceae)植物为优势种;水生植物群落以禾本科、睡莲科(Nymphaeaceae)和菱科(Trapaceae)植物为优势种。[结论]通过对植物栖息地的改善和调控,可以有效调节植物的生活环境,提高物种多样性水平。[Objective]To study the plant community species diversity change in different habitats of Huangpi Lake wetland.[Method]Huangpi Lake wetland terrestrial plants,amphibious plants and aquatic plants as the research object,the different habitat plant community species diver⁃sity characteristics and the main dominant species community were analyzed by the line survey and inspection method.[Result]A total of 306 species plants were investigated belonging to 218 genera of 78 families,including 225 terrestrial plants and 165 species in 60 families;amphibi⁃ous plants were investigated to 199 species,belonging to 48 families and 134 genera;aquatic plants were surveyed to 32 species,belonging to 16 families and 24 genera.The difference in species composition between terrestrial and amphibious plants was not significant,but the composi⁃tion of the aquatic plant species and the other two habitats varied significantly.In terms of plant diversity,terrestrial and amphibious ecotone had higher species diversity than aquatic plants.Among them,the diversity index of terrestrial and amphibious plants was not significantly different,but the Shannon⁃Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index of plants in both habitats were higher than those of aquatic plants,the Simpson index of aquatic plants was higher than that of terrestrial and amphibious interlaced plants.From the perspective of commu⁃nity characteristics,the terrestrial and amphibious plant communities of Huangpi Lake wetland were mainly dominated Compositae,Gramineae and Fabaceae plants.The aquatic plant community mainly had Gramineae,Nymphaeaceae and Trapaceae plants as the dominant species.[Con⁃clusion]Through the improvement and regulation of plant habitat,plants can effectively regulate the living environment and promote the level of species diversity.

关 键 词：生境 植物群落 物种多样性 黄陂湖湿地 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]