优质抗旱小麦种质的筛选及功能基因检测  

Screening and Functional Gene Detection of High-quality and Drought-resistant Wheat Germplasms

作　　者：薛振宇 张康康 张元元 闫强强 姚立蓉 张宏 孟亚雄[1,2] 司二静[1,2] 李葆春[1,3] 马小乐[1,2] 王化俊[1,2] 汪军成[1,2] XUE Zhenyu;ZHANG Kangkang;ZHANG Yuanyuan;YAN Qiangqiang;YAO Lirong;ZHANG Hong;MENG Yaxiong;SI Erjing;LI Baochun;MA Xiaole;WANG Huajun;WANG Juncheng(State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学,省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报(中英文)》2025年第1期35-49,共15页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：2023年甘肃省级重点人才项目(GSAU-2023-03);甘肃省陇原青年英才项目(GSAU-2023-005);国家自然科学基金项目(31860377);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-12);甘肃省农业科技支撑项目(KJZC-2023-2);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才计划项目(Ganfx-03Y06,GAUfx-04Y011)。

摘　　要：为有效筛选优异抗旱小麦种质,以163份小麦种质资源为材料,对其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成、萌发期和苗期的抗旱性进行分析,筛选优质抗旱种质资源,并对优质抗旱种质资源的已知功能基因/位点进行检测。结果表明,供试材料中鉴定出包含优质面条亚基组合1/7+8/5+10和N/14+15/2+12的材料分别有11和1份,包含优质馒头亚基组合1/7+9/5+10和N/7+8/2+12的材料分别有5和53份。将萌发期和苗期抗旱性综合评价结果联合后,发现有14份抗旱性强的小麦种质。此外,结合14份抗旱种质的HMW-GS鉴定结果最终筛选出9份优质抗旱种质资源,分别为中41-42、陇育5号、陇麦079、兰天31号、92-47、绵麦367、西科麦531号、铜麦3号和临旱5322。经检测,9份优质抗旱材料均含有提高粒重基因以及抗赤霉病、条锈病和叶锈病的基因/位点,6份材料含有提高多酚氧化酶活性的基因Ppo2-D1,6份材料含有半矮化基因RHT-8,仅陇麦079含有抗旱基因TaSINA-2。以上结果为小麦育种提供了优异种质资源与必要的理论支撑。In order to efficiently carry out the screening of excellent wheat germplasms,a total of 163 wheat germplasms were used as materials to analyze their high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition(HMW-GS),drought resistance during germination and seedling stages,and high-quality drought resistant germplasms were slected.Known functional genes/loci of high-quality drought resistant germplasm resources were detected.The results showed that among the tested materials,11 and 1 germplasms were identified to contain the combination 1/7+8/5+10 and N/14+15/2+12 of high-quality noodle,and 5 and 53 were identified to contain the combination 1/7+9/5+10 and N/7+8/2+12 of high-quality steamed bun subunits,respectively.After combining the comprehensive evaluation resuits of drought resistance during the germination and seedling stages,a total of 14 wheat germplasms with strong drought resistance were identified.In addition,based on the HMW-GS identification results of these 14 drough resistant germplasms,9 high-quality drought resistant germplasms were ultimately selected,namely Zhong 41-42,Longyu 5,Longmai 079,Lantian 31,92-47,Mianmai 367,Xikemai 531,Tongmai 3 and Linhan 5322.After testing,these 9 high-quality drought resistant materials contained genes/loci that increase grain weight and resistance to Fusarium head blight,stripe rust and leaf rust.6 germplasms contained gene Ppo2-D1 that enhanced polyphenol oxidase activity.6 germplasms contained the semi-dwarf gene RHT-8,and only Longmai 079 contained drought resistant gene TaSINA-2.The above results provide excellent germplasms and necessary theoretical support for wheat breeding.

关 键 词：小麦 HMW-GS 干旱胁迫 功能基因/位点 优质 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]