古基因组视角下的亚洲北部人群迁徙和演化机制  

The migration and evolutionary mechanisms of northern Asian populations from the perspective of ancient genomics

作　　者：张达轩 戴沈汝 崔银秋[1] Daxuan Zhang;Shenru Dai;Yinqiu Cui(School of Life Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学生命科学学院,长春130012

出　　处：《遗传》2025年第1期34-45,共12页Hereditas(Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:42072018,42372017)资助。

摘　　要：广袤的亚洲北部地区,包括西伯利亚、蒙古高原以及中国北方地区,不仅是欧亚大陆上人群交流的十字路口,也是连接美洲大陆的重要桥梁,这一区域对于探索人类起源、追踪人类迁移路线以及阐释演化机制具有独特且不可替代的重要性。尽管由于样本发掘数量有限、保存状态不一和技术手段的制约,人们对亚洲北部地区人群互动过程的理解尚处于初步阶段,但高通量测序技术的发展及其在古DNA研究中的进展为人们提供了从分子层面深入探究古代人群遗传历史的全新视角。本文通过综合分析亚洲北部地区不同阶段古代人群的遗传结构变化,旨在揭示该地区古代人群间的互动模式、遗传结构的演变过程以及他们对现代人群的遗传贡献;此外,本文还探讨了人类应对极端自然条件的适应性策略。这些研究不仅加深了人们对人类起源和迁移过程的理解,还将为研究人类在环境选择压力下的演化机制和适应性策略提供了坚实的基础。The northern part of Asia,including Siberia,the Mongolian Plateau,and northern China,is not only a crossroads for population exchange on the Eurasian continent but also an important bridge connecting the American continent.This region holds a unique and irreplaceable significance in exploring the origins of humanity,tracking human migration routes,and elucidating evolutionary mechanisms.Despite the limited number of samples unearthed,varying preservation conditions,and constraints of technical means,our understanding of the interactions among populations in northern Asia is still in its infancy.However,the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and its advancement in ancient DNA research have provided us with a new perspective for delving into the genetic history of ancient populations from a molecular level.In this review,we synthesize the changes in the genetic structure of ancient populations in different stages of northern Asia,aiming to reveal the patterns of interaction among ancient populations in this region,the evolutionary process of their genetic structure,and their genetic contributions to modern populations.It will also discuss the adaptive strategies of humans in response to extreme natural conditions.This will not only deepen our understanding of the origins and migration processes of humanity but also provide a solid foundation for studying the evolutionary mechanisms and adaptive strategies of humans under environmental selective pressures.

关 键 词：基因组学研究 古DNA 亚洲北部 人类演化 迁徙模式 适应性策略 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]