论李延平“理会分殊”与朱子“格物穷理”的思想关联  

On the Intellectual Relevance of Li Yanping's"Comprehending the Distinctions"to Zhu Xi's"Exploring the Principles by the Investigation of Things"

作　　者：张洪义 Zhang Hongyi(Department of Philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系,广州510275

出　　处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期80-89,共10页Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《延平答问》在东亚朱子学中的展开研究”(项目批准号:24BZX048)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：李延平的“理会分殊”工夫实践,是朱子“格物穷理”思想的先导。在延平那里,理会分殊的关键是“义理体段”在自我澄清的基础上,映照出差异性义理内容并将它吸收融释进来,实现“义理体段”的自我调适与安顿。受延平影响,朱子非常看重“已知之理”的体贴与“分殊之理”的推究。与延平不同,朱子主张在“已知之理”显明的基础上,进一步推究“所当然之则”与“所以然之故”,实现“分殊之理”的增添以及“界分”的明确,最后统归于“全体之理”。延平的理会分殊工夫意味着致知与涵养的合一,无需另外讲求“敬”字工夫。朱子将致知(格物穷理)与涵养分立开来,对乃师“论敬字不分明”颇有微词。延平的“理会分殊”与朱子的“格物穷理”是面对“分殊之理”的两条典型工夫进路,并列而不矛盾,可以相互资用而不可混淆错置。Zhu Xi's"exploring the principles by the investigation of things"is preceded by Li Yanping's""comprehending the distinctions."For Yanping,the key to"comprehending the distinctions"lies in the self-transforming,self-adapting and self-inhabiting of"the ground of moral values,"which means an individual's moral values functions as unity in the sense that it is capable of self-purification and on that basis reflects and integrates new distinctive moral values into itself.Under Yanping's influence,Zhu Xi attached significant importance to experimental comprehension of"the known principles"and the investigation of"the differentiated principles.”Unlike Yanping,Zhu Xi highlighted the necessity to explore further the rules to which it should conform and the reasons by which it is as it is.When"the known principles"are fully manifest,"the differentiated principles"are added and"the borderlines'are drawn,and eventually all merge into"the Supreme Principle."While Yanping's method of comprehending the distinctions implies the unity of extending knowledge and cultivating morality,hence no need for a particular stress on the effort in"conscientiousness,"Zhu Xi distinguished moral cultivation from the extension of knowledge and criticized his teacher's"unclear exposition of conscientiousness."In conclusion,Yanpings"comprehending the distinctions'and Zhu Xi's"exploring the principles by the investigation of things"represent two typical approaches to"the differentiated principles,"which can be juxtaposed and mutually enriched but not be confused and misplaced.

关 键 词：理会分殊 格物穷理 义理体段 分殊之理 全体之理 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B244.99