比例原则视角下电子数据收集规则的检视与重构  

Review and Reconstruction of Electronic Data Collection Rules from the Perspective of the Principle of Proportionality

作　　者：吴影飞 WU Yingfei

机构地区：[1]安徽公安学院侦查系

出　　处：《浙江警察学院学报》2024年第6期9-19,共11页Journal of Zhejiang Police College

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪治理问题研究”(GJ2023D28);安徽省高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“新常态大数据背景下涉众型经济犯罪治理与侦办机制创新研究”(2023AH040361)。

摘　　要：电子数据在刑事诉讼中已成为常见的证据类型,相关规范性文件对电子数据收集规则进行了明确。然而在电子数据收集实务中原则变成例外、例外成为常态,不利于程序规则的维护,有损程序的严肃性。电子数据收集规则不符合比例原则的必要性原则和均衡性原则,没有妥善处理好权利保障与收集电子数据的关系。随着电子数据取证技术的发展和侦查人员取证能力的提升,电子数据收集应在遵循比例原则的基础上根据电子数据持有者主体不同确立二元区分的规则。即对被害人、第三人持有的电子数据应以提取电子数据为原则,扣押原始存储介质为例外;而对于犯罪嫌疑人持有的电子数据一般也以提取电子数据为原则,但是其载体属于违法犯罪所得或者需要没收的物品时,无疑应当优先扣押原始存储介质。In the context of criminal procedure,electronic data has become a prevalent form of evidence.While procedural provisions pertaining to electronic data have delineated the protocols for its collection,in practice,the principle has become the exception and the exception has become the norm.This approach is not conducive to maintaining procedural rules and may potentially undermine the procedural integrity of the process.The rules governing the collection of electronic data fail to align with the necessity and balance principles of the proportionality principle and inadequately address the relationship between the protection of rights and the collection of electronic data.As electronic data forensics technology advances and investigators'forensics abilities are enhanced,it is imperative that the collection of electronic data adhere to the principle of proportionality and establish a framework of binary distinctions based on the different categories of electronic data holders.In the case of electronic data held by a victim or third party,the principle of extraction should be followed,with the exception of the seizure of the original storage media.Similarly,the principle of extraction should be applied in the case of electronic data held by criminal suspects.In the event that the electronic data carrier in question is derived from illicit or criminal activities,or is a contraband item subject to confiscation,the original storage media should be seized as a priority.

关 键 词：电子数据收集 比例原则 扣押原始存储介质 提取电子数据 二元区分 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]