连续堆肥施用对土壤反硝化及固氮微生物的影响  

Effects of Continuous Compost Application on Soil Denitrifying and Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms

作　　者：张薇[1] 马金国[1] 王明国 Zhang Wei;Ma Jinguo;Wang Mingguo(Pingluo Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Pingluo,Ningxia 753400;Ningxia Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001)

机构地区：[1]平罗县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏平罗753400 [2]宁夏回族自治区农业技术推广总站,宁夏银川750001

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2024年第12期61-65,共5页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：为揭示连续堆肥施用对土壤反硝化及固氮微生物群落的影响机制,以宁夏平罗县小麦地为试验对象,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置T0(有机堆肥0 kg·667^(-1)·m^(-2)+化学肥料)、T1(有机堆肥1000 kg·667^(-1)·m^(-2)+化学肥料)、T2(有机堆肥2000 kg·667^(-1)·m^(-2)+化学肥料)、T3(有机堆肥3000 kg·667^(-1)·m^(-2)+化学肥料)、T4(有机堆肥4000 kg·667^(-1)·m^(-2)+化学肥料)5个处理开展定位研究,比较了不同堆肥用量下土壤反硝化及固氮微生物的差异,分析了土壤理化性状与反硝化及固氮微生物群落组成及多样性间的相互关系。结果表明,连续3年堆肥施用后,除小麦全麦面筋含量有逐渐升高趋势外,小麦产量和品质未受到显著影响;不同处理下nirK、nirS、nosZ功能基因拷贝数间无显著差异。不同堆肥用量影响nifH固氮细菌群落组成,土壤变形菌门和拟硫弧菌属分别为各处理下的优势门、属,不同处理下固氮弧菌属(Azoarcus)的固氮细菌相对丰度间有极显著差异。综上所述,连续3年堆肥施用对小麦土壤反硝化微生物的影响作用有限,但影响了nifH固氮微生物的组成结构。To investigate the mechanism by which continuous compost application affects soil denitrification and nitrogen-fixing microbial communities,a field experiment was conducted in wheat fields located in Pingluo County,Ningxia.A randomized block design with five treatments was employed:T0(0 t·hm^(-2)organic compost+chemical fertilizer),T1(15 t·hm^(-2)organic compost+chemical fertilizer),T2(30 t·hm^(-2)organic compost+chemical fertilizer),T3(45 t·hm^(-2)organic compost+chemical fertilizer),and T4(60 t·hm^(-2)organic compost+chemical fertilizer).The study focused on the differences in soil denitrification and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms under varying compost application rates and analyzed the relationships between soil physicochemical properties and microbial community composition and diversity.The results showed that after three years of continuous compost application,wheat yield and quality were not significantly affected,although the gluten content in wheat showed a gradual increase.There were no significant differences in the copy numbers of functional genes(nirK,nirS,nosZ)related to denitrification among the treatments.However,different compost application rates significantly influenced the composition of the nifH nitrogen-fixing bacterial community.The Bacteroidetes was the dominant phylum,and the genus Desulfobulbus was the dominant genus across all treatments.There were highly significant differences in the relative abundance of Azoarcus,a nitrogen-fixing genus,between different treatments.Overall,while continuous compost application for three years had limited effects on soil denitrifying microorganisms,it notably influenced the composition and structure of nifH nitrogen-fixing microbial communities.

关 键 词：堆肥 产量与品质 反硝化基因 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学]