从农业史到乡村史:20世纪美国农业史研究的文化转向  

From Agricultural History to Rural History:The Cultural Turn in the Study of Twentieth-Century American Agricultural History

作　　者：郭欢 Guo Huan(School of History&Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期100-112,共13页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“19世纪美国工业化转型中的农村、农业和农民问题研究”(18ZDA211)。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代以前,美国的农业史研究受经济史、政治史影响较深,以农业生产为中心,在农业经济、农业政治和农业生态环境方面取得了令人瞩目的进展。70年代以后,受新社会史和新文化史的影响,美国乡村史学家开始跨越“乡村即农业”的传统研究范式,探索乡村家庭、社区、教会、族裔、妇女、乡村现代化等广博而丰富的研究主题,以往不受重视的家庭账簿、土地和税收记录、遗嘱、教会登记、民俗文化等具有了极大的史料价值,农业史研究出现“文化转向”,“新乡村史”研究框架开始形成。20世纪末以来,乡村史在专注社会文化研究的基础上继续推陈出新,开始具备一定的跨国视野。Prior to the 1970s,the study of agricultural history in the United States was predominantly influenced by economic and political histories,with agricultural production as its focus,resulting in significant advancements in agricultural economics,politics,and agroecology.Since the 1970s,influenced by the emergence of new social and cultural history approaches,American rural historians transcended the traditional research paradigm of the“rural areas as agriculture”,and explored a wide range of topics such as rural families,communities,churches,ethnicity,women,and rural modernization.Previously overlooked sources such as family account books,land and tax records,wills,church registration,and folk culture gained recognition for their historical significance.This marked the onset of a“cultural turn”in agricultural history,paving the way for the development of the framework of“New Rural History”.Since the late 20th century,rural history has continued to innovate on the basis of focusing on social and cultural studies,and begun to include certain transnational perspectives.

关 键 词：美国乡村史 农业史 “乡村即农业” 文化转向 

分 类 号：K712.5[历史地理—历史学] F319[历史地理—世界史]