碳点在绿色农业技术变革中的应用进展  

Application and Environmental Significance of Carbon Dots in Modern Agriculture

作　　者：王磊 WANG Lei(School of Continuing Education,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学继续教育学院,上海200433

出　　处：《河南大学学报(自然科学版)》2024年第6期631-645,共15页Journal of Henan University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42077296)

摘　　要：随着全球人口爆炸式增长,传统的农业措施已不能满足粮食需求,同时大量化学品的投入造成了严重的农业环境污染和生态失衡.近年来,基于人工纳米材料(ENMs)的绿色农业技术革命引起了人们的广泛关注,旨在提高农业生产效率和改善作物品质的同时降低对环境的负面影响.碳点(CDs)作为一类新型碳基纳米材料,展现出良好的生物相容性、化学稳定性及低毒性,成为纳米农业技术的研究热点.本文系统总结了碳点的基本特性和合成方法,主要包括“自上而下”和“自下而上”的合成策略.CDs在绿色农业中的应用展现出多个方向,诸如促进作物生长、提高光合效率、增强植物抵抗非生物和生物胁迫、提升施肥效率及改善作物品质等.然而,CDs的实际应用仍面临一些挑战,包括高昂的生产成本、环境影响的不确定性以及对其长期使用效果的数据缺乏.为克服这些不足,未来的研究应集中在优化生产方法以实现低成本的大规模合成,探讨CDs的结构与生物有效性之间的关系,以及深入分析对生态系统的影响.通过系统地解决这些问题,CDs有望在绿色农业技术中发挥更大的作用,为可持续农业发展提供有效解决方案.With the explosive growth of the population, traditional agricultural practices cannot meet the increasing food demand, while the extensive use of chemicals has resulted in severe agricultural environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. Recently, the green agricultural technology revolution, based on engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), has garnered widespread attention, aiming to enhance agricultural productivity and improve crop quality, and meanwhile reduce environmental impact. Carbon dots(CDs), as a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials, exhibit excellent biocompatibility, chemical stability, and low toxicity, making them a research hotspot in nanoagriculture. This paper systematically summarizes the fundamental characteristics and synthesis methods of CDs, primarily focusing on both top-down and bottom-up synthesis strategies. The applications of CDs in green agriculture span multiple directions, such as promoting crop growth, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, improving plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, increasing fertilizer efficiency, and improving crop quality. However, the practical application of CDs still faces several challenges, including high production costs, uncertainties regarding environmental impacts, and a lack of data on their long-term effects. To overcome these limitations, future research should concentrate on optimizing production methods for low-cost large-scale synthesis, exploring the relationship between the structure of CDs and their biological efficacy, and conducting in-depth analyses of their ecological impacts. By systematically addressing these issues, CDs are expected to play a more significant role in green agricultural technologies, providing effective solutions for sustainable agricultural development.

关 键 词：人工纳米材料 纳米农业 碳点 环境效应 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]