也谈凌家滩、红山文化的玉龟、玉版  

On Jade Turtles and Jade Plaques from Lingjiatan and Hongshan Cultures

作　　者：张爱冰[1] 孟恬 ZHANG Ai-bing;MENG Tian(School of History,Anhui University,Hefei,Anhui,230601)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《东南文化》2024年第5期104-111,共8页Southeast Culture

摘　　要：凌家滩遗址出土的玉龟和玉龟形器应为壁悬式“玉铃”,除玉签以外,玉管亦可为铃舌;玉版可单独使用,亦可与玉铃配合使用。红山文化玉臂饰、斜口筒形器亦应为玉铃,玉管、玉管珠为铃舌;兽面纹牌饰、勾云形器为玉版。凌家滩、红山文化的玉铃、玉版应是巫师在祭祀、乐舞、占卜、医药等行为场景中悬、佩、持的巫具组合。玉铃、玉版的巫具组合,可能是二里头文化铜铃、铜牌巫具组合的原型。The jade turtles and turtle-shaped jade objects unearthed at the Lingjiatan site were likely suspended“jade bells”,where jade tubes,in addition to jade sticks,could function as bell clappers.Jade plaques could be used independently or in combination with jade bells.Similarly,jade arm ornaments and slanted cylindrical objects from the Hongshan Culture are also believed to be jade bells,with jade tubes and tube beads serving as clappers.The beast-faced plaques and cloud-shaped objects correspond to jade plaques.Jade bells and plaques from Lingjiatan and Hongshan likely formed part of ritual tools used by sha⁃mans in ceremonies,dances,divination,and healing.This combination of ritual tools may have been the pro⁃totype for the bronze bell and plaque sets seen in the Erlitou Culture.

关 键 词：凌家滩文化 红山文化 玉龟 玉版 玉铃 巫具组合 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]