大刺鳅与美洲鳗鲡肌肉品质及质构特性的分析与比较  

Analysis and Comparison of Muscle Quality and Texture Characteristics Between Spiny Eel Mastacembelus armatus and American Eel Anguilla rostrata

作　　者：赖铭勇[1] 李文盛 廖梦香 黄柳婷[1] 吴妹英[1] 陈宇涵 陈度煌[1] 薛凌展[1] 樊海平[1] LAI Mingyong;LI Wensheng;LIAO Mengxiang;HUANG Liuting;WU Meiying;CHEN Yuhan;CHEN Duhuang;XUE Lingzhan;FAN Haiping(Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350003,China;Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省淡水水产研究所,福建福州350003 [2]福建农林大学,福建福州350002

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第5期95-100,126,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：2023年福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项资金项目(FJHY-YYKJ-2023-2-8);2022年福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项资金项目(FJHY-YYKJGG-2022-2-1、FJHY-YYKJGG-2022-2-2、FJHY-YYKJ-2022-2-9).

摘　　要：为了解大刺鳅(Mastacembelus armatus)与美洲鳗鲡(Anguilla rostrata)肌肉营养成分和质构差异,测定养殖的体质量分别为(386.65±30.50)g和(393.20±41.26)g的2龄大刺鳅和美洲鳗鲡肌肉的营养成分含量和质构特性,评价二者的营养价值。结果表明,大刺鳅与美洲鳗鲡肌肉粗蛋白(18.41%和18.11%)、磷和钙含量差异不显著(P>0.05);大刺鳅水分和灰分的含量显著高于美洲鳗鲡(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量达到6.70%,比美洲鳗鲡(11.92±0.02)低5.22%,差异显著(P<0.05);二者均检测出17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种、非必需氨基酸8种、半必需氨基酸2种;大刺鳅的必需氨基酸总量(ΣEAA)、非必需氨基酸总量(ΣNEAA)、鲜味氨基酸总量(ΣDAA)和总氨基酸总量(ΣTAA)均显著高于美洲鳗鲡(P<0.05),其EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA分别为40.3%和80.45%,属于优质蛋白鱼类;大刺鳅必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分值(AAS,90%~155%)高于美洲鳗鲡(82%~138%),化学评分值(CS)也是大刺鳅(55%~120%)高于美洲鳗鲡(46%~106%),美洲鳗鲡必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)(72.59%)低于大刺鳅(82.14%)。在大刺鳅肌肉中检测到21种脂肪酸,美洲鳗鲡为26种,其中美洲鳗鲡EPA+DHA、饱和酸(∑SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)的含量高于刺鳅(P<0.05)。大刺鳅PUFA/SFA比值为0.72,美洲鳗鲡为0.63,二者的不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA+∑PUFA)与饱和酸(∑SFA)的比值均大于3。二者肌肉黏聚性、回复性数值相近,差异不显著(P>0.05),美洲鳗鲡的肌肉硬度、弹性、胶着性和咀嚼性高于大刺鳅(P<0.05)。In order to understand the differences in nutrient compositions and muscular texture between spiny eel Mastacembelus armatus and American eel Anguilla rostrata,the nutrient contents and muscular texture characteristics were determined in the muscles of cultured 2-year-old spiny eel with body weight of(386.65±30.50)g and American eel with body weight of(393.20±41.26)g and their nutritional value were evaluated by conventional methods to comprehensive analysis and comparison of the muscle quality and texture characteristics.The results showed that there were no significant differences in contents of crude protein,phosphorus and calcium in spiny eel and American eel(P>0.05),with the crude protein contents of 18.41%and 18.11%,respectively.There were significantly higher moisture and ash contents in the spiny eel than those in the American eel(P<0.05),with crude fat contents of 6.7%,which was 5.22%lower than that in the American eel,without significant difference(P<0.05).A total of 17 amino acids were detected in both,including 7 essential amino acids(EAA),8 non-essential amino acids(NEAA)and 2 semi-essential amino acids,with significantly higher total essential amino acids(n both,including 7 essential amino acidsdelicious amino acids(al amino acids(n both,including in the spiny eel than those in the American eel(P<0.05),and EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA were 40.3%in the spiny eel and 80.45%in the American eel,indicating that both are fish with high-quality protein.The spiny eel(90%-155%)had higher amino acid score(AAS)for essential amino acids,and chemical score(CS,55%-120%)than the American eel(AAS,82%-138%and(CS,46%-106%)did.The American eel had Essential Amino Acid Index(EAAI)of 9.55,lower than the spiny eel did.There were 21 kinds of fatty acids in the spiny eel and 26 kinds in the American eel,with higher contents of EPA+DHA,saturated fatty acid(∑SFA),monounsaturated fatty acid(∑MUFA),and polyunsaturated fatty acid(∑PUFA)in the American eel than those in the spiny eel(P<0.05).The spiny eel had PUFA/SFA ratio of 0

关 键 词：大刺鳅 美洲鳗鲡 肌肉 营养成分 质构 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]