“疑古”移咎“道统”的拨正:唐文治批评崔述要义初识  

The Rectification of Blame Deflection to Confucian Orthodoxy by the School of Ancient History Suspicion—A Primary Study on the Signification of the Criticism of Cui Shu by Master Tang Wenzhi

作　　者：邓国光[1] DENG Guoguang(Chinese Department,University of Macao,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学中文系,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期9-17,共9页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：唐文治批评崔述,事涉顾颉刚“疑古史学”,是近代学术思想大事,故为此发覆。顾氏实践陈独秀《偶像破坏论》,借重清人崔述的论著,清算儒家伪造古史,假设孔子私造“道统”,推倒朱熹所寄托的王道理想。顾氏对“道统”的认识,泥于“帝王的心传及圣贤的学派”的表象,直指关键人物为孔子,其典籍为《尚书》《论语》,其观念为“经学”“道统”,总此人物、典籍、思想三维而构成“传统”整体。破其一边,则全体崩毁,此“破坏偶像”的明确策略,是“废经”时代全面瓦解经学的实践。其风靡于以“破坏”为前提的日本思潮,尧、舜、禹流入泛泛的“古史”的视野,以事件取代义理。唐文治面对中国文化备受瓦解的严峻时刻,超越对立意气,坚持教化实践,提出“救人心”以治疗时代,改变“文化自卑”心态,培养庄重而正向的“人格”与“国格”,重建“文化尊严”的自觉,为此商略崔述的误读,护持《论语》的可信性;提出“学派大同”新理念,归本《论语》《孟子》,正视孔子“集大成”要义。唐文治以“诚意正心”实践学术“立义”,从人物、典籍、思想三者端视文化传统蕴含的人道情怀,提点“返本”要义,大异意气攻击姿态。此外,一并考实顾氏刻意批评苏州“存古学堂”的事实,以复原历史真相。Tang Wenzhi criticized Cui Shu,which involved Gu Jiegang's questioning ancient history.It was a major event in modern academic thought,and this article is a review of it.Gu followed Chen Duxiu's On Iconoclasm and relied on the writings of Cui Shu of the Qing Dynasty to clean up Confucian forgery of ancient history.He assumed that Confucius Orthodoxy called Daotong and overthrew the ideal of kingship that Zhu Xi had placed his trust in.Gu's understanding of Daotong is based on the appearance of“the emperor's heart biography and the school of sages”,pointing out that the key figure is Confucius,whose classics are Shangshu and The Analects of Confucius,and whose concepts are Confucian classics and Daotong,in total,these three-dimensional characters,classics and thoughts constitute the tradition as a whole.If one side is destroyed,the whole body will collapse.This clear strategy of destroying idols was the practice of disintegrating the classics in the era of abolition of the classics.It was popular in Japanese trends of thought based on the premise of destruction.Yao,Shun and Yu flow into the perspective of general ancient history,replacing doctrine with events.Faced with the severe moment when Chinese culture was being disintegrated,Tang Wenzhi transcended oppositional sentiments,persisted in educational practice,and proposed saving people's hearts to heal the times,change the mentality of cultural inferiority,and cultivate a solemn and positive personality and national character,rebuild the consciousness of cultural dignity.To achieve it,he attempted to discuss Cui Shu's misunderstanding to maintain the credibility of The Analects;propose a new concept of Great Harmony to return to the origins of The Analects and Mencius,and face squarely the essence of Confucius'gathering of great achievements.Further,he practiced academic establishment of justice with sincerity and integrity,looked at the humane sentiments contained in cultural traditions from the perspective of characters,classics,and ideas,and proposed the

关 键 词：顾颉刚 唐文治 疑古 破坏偶像 道统 学派大同 

分 类 号：B230[哲学宗教—中国哲学]