精确主义艺术中的美国身份及其建构策略,1920-1950  

American Identity and the Construction Strategy in Precisionism Art,1920-1950

作　　者：聂皓雪 NIE Haoxue

机构地区：[1]广州美术学院艺术与人文学院

出　　处：《当代美术家》2025年第1期122-143,共22页Contemporary Artists

摘　　要：精确主义是成长、发展于两次世界大战期间的美国本土现代艺术运动,其流行时段与美国的政治与经济话语权在全球的扩张过程几乎重合,在视觉语言的表达与意义系统的建构层面,与美国身份的塑造之间存在广泛与内在的相关性,体现出鲜明的国家与时代特色。本文在社会艺术史视角的启发下,侧重于立足美国20世纪上半叶方兴未艾的城市化与工业化进程的横截面,分别从美国本土的都会经验和大众文化、工业化大生产的商业伦理及前现代与现代之间张力关系的几个方面深入,对精确主义视觉艺术在这一过程中构建出的视觉语法进行分析,在空间向度与历史向度内考察这一艺术运动与时代精神的深度融合。可以说,精确主义的视觉机制与图像修辞形成了一套意义完备的视觉意识形态(visual ideology)[1],它不但在很大程度上将美国的工业化与现代化“进行时”和乡土主义与清教徒主义的“过去时”进行了跨越时空的、视觉形式与图像意识形态的重构,也在现实层面上缓解了20世纪上半叶以来美国本土知识分子的民族与文化认同危机,因而在国家形象的整体建构中发挥着不可替代的效用。Precisionism was a modernist art movement that emerged and flourished in the United States during the interwar period.Its popularity coincided with the expansion of American political and economic influence on the global stage.In terms of visual expression and the construction of its meaning system,Precisionism exhibits extensive and intrinsic connections with the formation of American identity,reflecting the distinctive characteristics of the nation and its era.Drawing inspiration from the perspective of social art history,this paper focuses on the cross-section of urbanization and industrialization that was burgeoning in the first half of the 20th century in the United States.It examines the visual grammar constructed by Precisionist visual art from multiple angles:the metropolitan experience and popular culture of the American context,the commercial ethics of industrial mass production,and the tensions between the premodern and modern.The study situates this artistic movement within both spatial and historical dimensions,exploring its deep integration with the zeitgeist of the time.It can be said that Precisionism’s visual mechanisms and image rhetoric formed a comprehensive system of visual ideology.This system not only captured the"present tense"of America’s industrialization and modernization alongside the"past tense"of rural traditions and Puritanism,but also alleviated the crisis of national and cultural identity experienced by American intellectuals in the first half of the 20th century.Consequently,Precisionism played an irreplaceable role in the overall construction of the national image.

关 键 词：国家形象 精确主义 美国现代艺术 社会文化史 

分 类 号：J171.2[艺术—艺术理论] K712.5[历史地理—历史学]