也谈中国、日本士大夫与朝鲜朝使臣交友中的“情”与“泪”--兼与夫马进教授商榷  

On“Love”and“Tears”in the Friendship between Chinese and Japanese Scholars and Korean Ambassadors----Discussion with Professor Susumu Fuma

作　　者：漆永祥[1] Qi Yongxiang(Peking University,Beijing,100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100081

出　　处：《东疆学刊》2025年第1期19-30,143,共13页Dongjiang Journal

摘　　要：日本学者夫马进教授以朝鲜朝通信史元重举与燕行使洪大容为例,探讨清代中、日、朝鲜三国士人不同的“情”世界,认为朝鲜朝使者在日本与中国都与当地的文人保持着深厚的情谊,注意到中、日两国人为情流泪的情况,而朝鲜朝文人很少流泪,并认为朝鲜朝使臣这种极力抑制的精神来自“朱子学的精神”等。通过对当时中、朝、日人士交往的考察可以看出,中国士人自古以来即有“生离死别”与“黯然销魂”的感情,他们在为朝鲜朝朋友送行时的泪眼,都是对这种离别文化下发自内心的自然反应;燕行使所交往的中国士人多为南方人,他们在心底隐藏着“双重的离别”,极易引起感情的强烈共鸣,以至“掩泣汍澜”;燕行使臣所感知到的中国士人“稍过”的离别泪眼,既是真诚的,也颇具表演性;朝鲜朝文人也具有丰富的感情,也经常泪眼濛濛,但很少当众流泪;朝鲜朝通信使在日本有着种族与文化的优越感,不屑于同日本人谈艺论学,只是机械、漠然地应付各种接待仪式。三国人士之流泪与否,与“朱子学的精神”等没有直接的关联。Taking the Joseon correspondent Won Chong-ju and the Joseon envoy Hong Dae-yong as examples,Japanese scholar Prof.Susumu Fuma discusses the different“love”worlds of Chinese,Japanese and Korean scholars in the Qing Dynasty.He argues that Joseon envoys maintained close friendship with local literati in both Japan and China,notes that the Chinese and Japanese people shed tears for love while Joseon people seldom did,and argues that the spirit of Joseon envoys,which they tried to suppress,came from“the spirit of Zhu Xi’s thought”.The examination of the contact among Chinese,Korean and Japanese people at that time shows that Chinese scholars had feelings of“separation”and“sadness”since ancient times,their tears when seeing off their Joseon friends were the natural reaction to this separation culture.The Chinese scholars that Joseon envoys interacted with were mostly southerners,who hid a“double separation”deep in their hearts,which was very easy to cause strong emotional resonance,so that they“cried and covered up their tears”.The Chinese scholars’“slightly over”tears perceived by the Joseon envoys was both sincere and performative.Koreans were also emotional and often tearful-eyed,but they seldom shed tears in public.Joseon envoys had a sense of racial and cultural superiority in Japan;they did not care to talk about art and learning with the Japanese,but only dealt with all kinds of hospitality ceremonies mechanically and indifferently.Whether or not the people of the three countries shed tears is not directly related to the“spirit of Zhu Xi”.

关 键 词：中国 日本 朝鲜使臣 燕行使 通信使 情与泪 离别 朱子学 

分 类 号：I106.6[文学—世界文学]