从“欧洲选择”到“文明选择”--俄罗斯“观念转向”及其对欧盟政策影响  

From"European Choice"to"Civilization Choice"--Russia's"Ideological Turn"and the Impact on Its EU Policies

作　　者：吕萍[1] Lv Ping

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所外交研究室

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2025年第1期5-36,共32页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

摘　　要：普京就任新一届总统后签署命令通过了《俄罗斯联邦历史教育领域国家政策的基础》,重申俄罗斯是文明国家。随着俄欧关系的逐步恶化,俄罗斯的身份认同开始逐步从欧洲文明一部分的欧洲国家转变为“向东转”的欧洲国家,最终在对乌克兰实施特别军事行动后与欧洲“决裂”,宣布自己为文明国家。在大力推动“向东转”战略、俄乌冲突尚未结束、欧盟制裁仍在加码的背景下,“文明国家”身份的认定从反映俄罗斯文明特色和强化俄罗斯民族意识的概念上升为带有意识形态色彩的身份认同,解决了俄罗斯面临的迫切的身份认同危机问题,有助于俄罗斯统一观念,避免在东西方之间无所适从,重新确定国家在国际上的地位,并使其对西方霸权和现有国际秩序的反抗更加合理。然而,由于根深蒂固的欧洲中心主义思想以及不愿完全依赖中国等因素,俄罗斯仍然希望实现俄欧关系正常化,并在坚持国家利益的前提下发展双方关系。After re-elected as the president,Putin signed the"Executive Order on Approving the Fundamentals of State Policy in Historical Education",reaffirming that Russia is a civilized country.With the gradual deterioration of Russia-EU relations,Russia's identity began to gradually change from a European country that is part of European civilization to a European country that"turns to the east",and finally"broke"with Europe after military operations against Ukraine and declared itself a civilized country.In the context of vigorously promoting the"turning to the east"strategy,the Russia-Ukraine military conflict has not yet ended,and the EU sanctions are still increasing,the identity of a civilized country will help Russia unify its own understandings,avoid being at a loss between the east and the west,redefine the country's international status,and make its resistance to western hegemony and the existing international order more reasonable.However,the change of identity cannot change the status quo of Russia-EU relations.Due to the deep-rooted long-term Eurocentrism and the unwillingness to rely entirely on China,Russia hopes to normalize Russia-EU relations and develop bilateral relations on the premise of adhering to national interests.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 文明国家 欧盟 文明选择 欧洲选择 观念转向 

分 类 号：D851.20[政治法律—政治学]