单光子激光雷达技术研究现状及展望  

Research status and prospects of single photon lidar technology

作　　者：杨扬 王梓凝 米庆改 武腾飞[1] YANG Yang;WANG Zining;MI Qinggai;WU Tengfei(AVIC Changcheng Institute of Metrology&Measurement,Beijing 100095,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所,北京100095

出　　处：《计测技术》2024年第6期20-31,共12页Metrology & Measurement Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62475246);航空科学基金项目(202300560Y1001);国家“十四五”计量技术基础科研项目(JSJL2023210XXXX)。

摘　　要：介绍了单光子激光雷达系统的探测原理,阐述了单光子激光雷达系统组成及核心器件特点,论述了单光子激光雷达技术具备的光子量级灵敏度、皮秒级时间精度等优势。从系统硬件改进和算法改进角度,分析了单光子激光雷达系统的优化方法。探讨了单光子激光雷达技术在地基远距离目标成像、空天遥感以及复杂场景成像等领域中的应用情况,并对单光子激光雷达技术未来的发展方向进行展望,指出可通过拓展探测器响应波段、优化器件设计、应用新材料等手段,提高探测灵敏度、降低暗计数率、减少时间抖动、降低功耗;可利用更先进的算法实现深层信息挖掘,提高探测精度和实时性;可将单光子激光雷达技术与其他先进技术相结合,拓展应用范围。This article introduces the principle of single-photon Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)system,elaborates on the composition and core device characteristics of single-photon LiDAR system,and discusses the advantages of single-photon LiDAR technology such as photon-level sensitivity and picosecond level time accuracy.From the perspectives of hardware improvement and algorithm improvement,optimization methods for single-photon LiDAR systems were analyzed.The applications of single-photon LiDAR technology in ground-based long-range target imaging,aerospace remote sensing,and complex scene imaging were explored,and the future development direction of single-photon LiDAR technology was prospected.It was pointed out that the detection efficiency,dark count rate,time jitter,and power consumption can be improved by expanding the detector response band,optimizing device design,and applying new materials;Advanced algorithms can be utilized to achieve deep information mining,and improve detection accuracy and real-time performance;Single-photon LiDAR technology can be combined with other advanced technologies to expand its application scope.

关 键 词：单光子探测 激光雷达 远距离成像 时间相关单光子计数 盖革模式雪崩二极管 

分 类 号：TB9[一般工业技术—计量学] O439[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器] TN958.98[机械工程—光学工程]