经典名方真武汤的历史文献考证与分析  

Verification and analysis on historical literature of classic prescription Zhenwu Decoction

作　　者：李佳卓 梁群[2] 姜芊竹[1] 赵海燕[1] 巩菲菲[1] LI Jiazhuo;LIANG Qun;JIANG Qianzhu;ZHAO Haiyan;GONG Feifei(Department of Cardiology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Heilongjiang Province,Harbin150001,China;Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Heilongjiang Province,Harbin150040,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院心内科,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院急诊及重症医学科,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2025年第1期164-167,共4页China Medical Herald

基　　金：国家中医药管理局全国老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导项目(国中医药人教函〔2022〕76号);黑龙江省中医药管理局科研课题(ZYW2024-100);黑龙江省中医药管理局中医临床优秀人才培养项目(黑中医药教函〔2022〕28号)。

摘　　要：真武汤是国家中医药管理局公布的古代经典名方之一,在历代医家的推崇下沿用至今。本文采用溯源法和文献计量学方法对真武汤的处方来源、方剂组成、方证衍变、功能主治和煎服方法等方面进行文献考证与分析。考证结果显示,真武汤最早出自汉代张仲景《伤寒论》,其组成为茯苓、芍药、生姜、白术、附子。真武汤在古籍记载中具有温阳利水的功效,可用于治疗太阳病汗后亡阳、少阴病腹痛、咳嗽、头眩、心悸等病证。其病机最主要有过汗伤阳、水饮凌心及脾肾阳虚、水湿内停两个方面。真武汤在现代医学中应用广泛,常用于治疗慢性心力衰竭、肺源性心脏病、支气管哮喘、肝硬化腹水、慢性肾小球肾炎等疾病。Zhenwu Decoction is one of ancient classic prescription published by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and has been used to this day under the respect of doctors throughout the ages.This article conductes literature verification and analysis on prescription source,formula composition,dialectic evolution,functional indication,and decoction method of Zhenwu Decoction by using traceability method and bibliometric method.Result of verification showes Zhenwu Decoction originated from Zhang Zhongjing’s Shanghan Lun in Han Dynasty.Its composition includes Poria,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Fresh Ginger,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia.Zhenwu Decoction is recorded in ancient books as having the effect of warming yang for diuresis,and can be used to treat diseases such as yang depletion syndrome due to profuse sweating of taiyang syndrome,abdominal pain of shaoyin syndrome,cough,dizziness,palpitation,etc.The main pathogenesis of this disease includes two aspects:excessive sweating causing yang damage,water pathogen attacking heart,and yang deficiency of spleen and kidney,internal stagnation of fluid-dampness.Zhenwu Decoction is widely used in modern medicine,commonly used to treat chronic heart failure,cor pulmonale,bronchial asthma,cirrhosis ascites,chronic glomerulonephritis and other diseases.

关 键 词：经典名方 真武汤 《伤寒论》 方证衍变 

分 类 号：R222.2[医药卫生—中医基础理论]