事实亲子关系规则在代孕亲子关系纠纷中的适用及其启示  

Application and Enlightenment of Factual Parent-child Relationship Rules in Parent-child Relationship Disputes Involving Surrogacy

作　　者：石雷[1] SHI Lei(Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆401120

出　　处：《医学与法学》2025年第1期36-49,共14页Medicine and Jurisprudence

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社科研究项目“优良家风融入婚姻家庭继承法学课程耦合育人研究”(项目编号:22SKGH016);西南政法大学校级项目“婚姻家庭制度对积极生育权的保障研究”(项目编号:2021XZNDYB-05)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：代孕子女的母亲身份确认是代孕亲子关系纠纷审判中的难点,实务中适用继父母子女抚养规则解决纠纷具有正当性,因该规则具有模糊性和灵活性,是我国唯一承认的法定化事实亲子关系类型,具有创立亲子关系的法律效果;在代孕亲子关系纠纷诉讼程式中,法官需要在既有法律原则和功能指引下,通过最有利于未成年人原则、平衡法益冲突原则、维护身份秩序原则,来判断是否扩张适用继父母子女抚养规则,进而识别并确认新的公平关系。立法论上,当在保持我国现有亲子规范框架下,完善多层级的身份秩序,建立事实亲子关系一般规则与抚养事实辅助规则;解释论上,应走出法律的语义解释牵制,对最有利于未成年人原则采用系统论解释以消除法律适用疑窦。The identification of the mother of a surrogate child is a difficult point task in the trial of surrogacy parent-child relationship disputes.In practice,it is legitimate to apply the rule of stepparent-child to solve the disputes,because the rule is ambiguous and flexible,and it is the only legalized type of parent-child relationship recognized in China,which has the legal effect of creating parent-child relationship.In the litigation of parent-child relationship disputes involving surrogacy,judges need to hear whether to apply the stepparent-child rules through the principle of the most favorable to minors,the principle of balancing the conflict of legal interests,and the principle of maintaining personal identity order under the guidance of existing legal principles and functions,so as to identify and confirm the new fair relationship.In terms of legislative theory,we should improve the multi-level identity order,establish the general rules of factual parent-child relationship and the auxiliary rules of parenting fact under the existing parent-child norm frame rules sin China.In terms of interpretative theory,we should go out of the constraint of the semantic interpretation of law,and adopt the system theory to explain the principle of the most favorable to minors to eliminate the doubt of the application of law.

关 键 词：代孕 亲子关系 继父母子女关系 事实亲子关系 最有利于未成年人 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生] D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]