论朱熹评述王安石的取向  

On Zhu Xi’s Comments of Wang Anshi

作　　者：肖建新[1] Xiao Jianxin

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学法学院,江苏南京211815

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2025年第1期103-110,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“宋代的审监关系及审计体制研究”(21BZS053)。

摘　　要：朱熹对王安石的为学、为政、为人的评述较为全面深刻,分别侧重经学、变法、性格方面的内容,并指向义理、致治、品性角度的考量和评判。朱熹肯定王安石的才学,但又认为他的经学“不正”“不纯”,不明格物复礼,不别道德刑名,借“三经”阐发,勾兑“老释”,夹杂“申商”,带有外儒内法的色彩;朱熹赞同变法,“易乱为治”,同时强调适应时代需要,乘势而为,并肯定熙宁变法中青苗法、方田法等一些具体内容,但又不同意王安石以“新学”为理论基础,变法逐利,无视民生,导致民穷国弱,远离了治世;朱熹认为王安石为人执拗,基本上认同二程等对王安石性格的评判,但又能对王学、变法进行深究,寻找其偏执、固执的根源,是由重利轻义、重君轻民所致。朱熹这些方面的评价取向,以及与王安石在经学、变法、品性上的认知差异,应是朱、王思想或新学、理学分歧的重要表现。Zhu Xi’s comments on Wang Anshi’s learning,governance and personality are comprehensive and profound,focusing on classics,reform and attributes respectively,based on righteousness,governance and character.Zhu Xi acknowledged Wang Anshi’s talent and learning,but critiques his approach to classics“not orthodox”and“not pure”.He argued that Wang did not understand the style of things,failed to distinguish moral punishment,blended interpretation on“three classics”with“old interpretation”and thoughts of“Shen and Shang”.Although Wang’s study shows the style of Confucianism,it is imbued with a legalistic spirit.Zhu Xi agrees with Wang’s reform,particularly his efforts to“change chaos into governance”,and emphasizing the needs for reforms to meet the demands of the time.He supported some specific contents in the Xining reform,such as the Green seedling method and the square field method.However,he did not agree with Wang Anshi on the“new learning”as the theoretical basis,arguing that it prioritized profit over the people’s welfare,which led to impoverished citizens and a weakened state,falling short of promoting prosperous governance.Zhu Xi believed that Wang Anshi was stubborn and basically agreed with Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi’s evaluation of Wang Anshi’s character,but he could also conduct a deep study of Wang’s learning and reform to find the root of his paranoia and stubbornness,identifying it is a tendency to prioritize profit over justice and the monarch over the people.Zhu Xi’s evaluations in these aspects,as well as the cognitive differences with Wang Anshi in classics,reform and human nature highlight the intellectual divide between Zhu and Wang’s thoughts and between new learning and neo-Confucianism.

关 键 词：朱熹 王安石 义理 致治 品性 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] K245[历史地理—中国史]