民航飞行员不安全行为中的差错与违规分类管理方法  

Classification and management method of errors and violations in civil aviation pilots'unsafe behaviors

作　　者：汪磊 韦子欣 邹颖 WANG Lei;WEI Zixin;ZOU Ying(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Airport Operations Center,Shandong Airport Management Group Yantai International Airport,Shandong Yantai 264000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津300300 [2]山东省机场管理集团烟台国际机场有限公司运行控制中心,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第12期8-15,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(32071063)。

摘　　要：为解决民航飞行员的不安全行为分类与量化评价的问题,优化其不安全行为的管理模式,以民航飞行领域为研究对象,提出民航飞行员不安全行为中的差错与违规分类管理方法。首先,基于不安全行为分类理论,区分差错与违规行为,系统化梳理针对差错和违规行为的干预改善方法;其次,采用专家访谈法和问卷调研法,形成飞行员不安全行为分类评价指标体系;再次,提出基于快速存取记录器(QAR)数据的不安全行为等级划分和基于飞行品质监控(FOQA)的不安全行为分数量化方法,实现飞行员不安全行为的分类量化评价;最后,梳理不安全行为分类管理流程并结合数据作算例验证。结果表明:经筛选计算得到的68项FOQA监测事件具有不同的致因行为倾向。基于此可结合QAR数据或FOQA记录,应用2种提出的不安全行为分类量化评价方法,并结合差错与违规行为的干预改善措施实现对民航飞行员不安全行为的分类管理。To address the classification and quantitative evaluation issues of unsafe behaviors of civil aviation pilots,the management mode of their unsafe behaviors was optimized.A method for managing unsafe behaviors in civil aviation was proposed focusing on the civil aviation flight field.Firstly,based on unsafe behavior classification theory,intervention and improvement methods for errors and violations were systematically analyzed to distinguish between errors and violations.Secondly,expert interviews and questionnaire surveys were used to propose a classification evaluation index system for pilots'unsafe behaviors.Furthermore,a classification method of unsafe behavior based on quick access recorder(QAR)data and a quantification method of unsafe behavior scores based on flight operations quality assurance(FOQA)were proposed to achieve a classified quantitative assessment of pilots'unsafe behaviors.Finally,the classifying and managing unsafe behavior process was analyzed and validated.The results indicated that the 68 FOQA monitoring events obtained by screening and calculation had different causal behavioral tendencies.The two proposed unsafe behavior classifications and quantitative evaluation methods can be combined with QAR data or FOQA records.Moreover,the classification management of unsafe behaviors of civil aviation pilots can be achieved by combining intervention and improvement measures for errors and violations.

关 键 词：飞行员 不安全行为 差错 违规 分类管理 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]