存在时频统误差条件下的联合时频差定位与观测站航迹优化方法  

Joint Time Difference of Arrival and Frequency Difference of Arrival Based Localization and Sensor Trajectory Optimization in Presence of Time and Frequency Synchronization Errors

作　　者：肖敏睿 王巍[2,3] 尤明懿 陈新[1] XIAO Minrui;WANG Wei;YOU Mingyi;CHEN Xin(School of Sensing Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China;No.36 Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Jiaxing,Zhejiang 314001,China;National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security,Jiaxing,Zhejiang 314001,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学感知科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所,浙江嘉兴314001 [3]电磁空间安全全国重点实验室,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《信号处理》2025年第1期150-160,共11页Journal of Signal Processing

基　　金：智慧地球重点实验室基金资助(FK2023ZD01-02);国家自然科学基金重点项目(U20B2038,62231010,U21B2001);国家自然科学基金面上项目(61971278)。

摘　　要：近年来,无源定位技术在认知通信、频谱管控、电子战等众多领域中得到了诸多应用,时频差联合定位以其测量精度高、所需观测站数量少、具有唯一解且不易出现模糊现象等优点,受到国内外的广泛关注与应用。时频差联合定位通常需要观测站之间精确时频同步,然而当观测站的授时服务无法使用或受到干扰时,观测站之间的时频同步无法得到保证,时延频偏的存在将会对定位性能造成严重影响。为了提高时频统误差存在条件下的定位精度,本文提出了一种联合时频差定位与观测站航迹优化的方法,该方法主要包括交替迭代定位和观测站航迹优化这两个部分。第一部分交替迭代定位中,通过对目标源位置和时频统误差的交替迭代估计,将参数的高维求解问题转化为了两个低维问题,大幅降低了计算复杂度,其中交替迭代法的迭代初始值通过差分法获得。第二部分观测站航迹优化在第一部分定位估计结果的基础上,构建了一种考虑目标源位置估计不确定性的观测站航迹优化代价函数,并基于粒子滤波方法进行了高效求解。通过仿真实验可知,定位求解参数的计算复杂度较低;当测量噪声较小时,本文所提算法位置估计的均方根误差能够逼近克拉美罗下界;与无观测航迹优化相比,定位精度和时频统误差的估计准确度得到了有效提高。In recent years,passive location technology has been widely applied in multiple fields such as cognitive communication,spectrum management,and electronic warfare.Joint time difference of arrival(TDOA)and frequency difference of arrival(FDOA)-based localization has attracted widespread attention and application in China and internationally owing to its high measurement accuracy,low number of sensors required,unique solutions,and less susceptibility to localization ambiguity problems.Joint TDOA/FDOA-based localization typically requires precise time and frequency synchronization between sensors.However,when the sensor timing service cannot be used or is interfered with,time and frequency synchronization between sensors cannot be guaranteed and time and frequency offsets critically affect localization performance.The effects of time and frequency offsets on system performance are reflected by multiple aspects,including a decrease in location estimation accuracy,an uncertainty increase in target tracking,and a decrease in overall system reliability.These issues make it difficult to achieve high precision location.Therefore,accurate estimation and compensation methods are crucial to mitigate the effects of time and frequency synchronization errors.To improve localization accuracy under the condition of time and frequency synchronization errors,this study proposes joint TDOA/FDOA-based localization and sensor trajectory optimization considering time and frequency synchronization errors.The proposed method primarily includes two parts:alternating iterative localization and sensor trajectory optimization.The sensor trajectory optimization is based on the location results of alternating iterations.First,for alternating iterative localization,the high-dimensional parameter solving problem was transformed into two low-dimensional problems by alternating the estimation of the source location and time-frequency synchronization errors,which significantly reduced computational complexity.The initial value of the alternating ite

关 键 词：到达时间差 到达频率差 时频统误差 交替迭代 航迹优化 

分 类 号：TN98[电子电信—信息与通信工程]