自通风永磁同步电机的气动噪声优化  

Aerodynamic Noise Optimization of Self-ventilated Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

作　　者：孙艳红[1] 庞聪 张伟 张成 邱毅 郑旭[1] SUN Yanhong;PANG Cong;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Cheng;QIU Yi;ZHENG Xu(College of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310027;CRRC Yongji Electric Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an,710016)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学能源工程学院,杭州310027 [2]中车永济电机有限公司,西安710016

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2025年第1期18-28,共11页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51975515)。

摘　　要：为准确预测和优化自通风永磁同步电机(SVPMSM)高转速下的气动噪声特性,采用计算流体力学与Lighthill声类比相结合的方法对电机气动噪声进行了仿真计算,其中,采用RNG k-ε模型和大涡模拟对电机内流场进行仿真计算,在此基础上利用Lighthill声类比法进行声学求解,并通过试验进行验证。建立无风道的简化模型研究了风扇不同结构参数对气动噪声的影响,利用整机仿真模型研究了风道膨胀腔结构对气动噪声的影响。研究结果表明,电机在4250 r/min转速下整机仿真计算的气动噪声声功率级与试验值的差距为0.6 dB(A),表明仿真模型能够有效预测电机气动噪声。电机优化研究发现,风扇内半径大小和叶片弯曲弧度的变化对风扇流场结果影响较小,因而气动噪声相差不大;相比于叶片数量较少、叶片不等距排布,叶片数量较多、叶片等距排布时有更好的声学特性;在电机风道中加入膨胀腔对电机噪声的低频有较好的降噪效果,加入长度为94.4 mm的膨胀腔比长度为134.4 mm的膨胀腔有更低的声功率级,同时,风道内设置两个膨胀腔比只设置一个膨胀腔有更好的降噪效果。To accurately predict and optimize the aerodynamic noise of the self-ventilated permanent magnet synchronous motors(SVPMSM)at high speed,a method combined with CFD approach and Lighthill acoustic analogy was applied to simulate the aerodynamic noise of the motors.RNG k-εmodel and large eddy simulation were used to simulate the flow field in the motors.Then,Lighthill acoustic analogy method was used to solve the acoustic problems,which were verified by experiments.A simplified model without air duct was established to study the effects of different fan structures on aerodynamic noise.The effects of duct expansion chamber structures on aerodynamic noise was studied by the motor simulation model.The results show that the difference between the sound power levels calculated by the motor simulation and the test at 4250 r/min is as 0.6 dB(A),which prove that the aerodynamic noise simulation model may effectively predict the aerodynamic noise of the motors.Through motor optimization,it is found that the changes of fan inner radius and blade curvature have little effect on the flow field,so there is little difference in aerodynamic noise.More blades and equidistant arrangement have better acoustic characteristics than less blades and non-equidistant arrangement.The expansion cavities added to the air ducts of the motors have a better noise reduction effectiveness at the low frequencies.The sound power level of the motors with the expansion chamber length of 94.4 mm is lower than that with the expansion cavity length of 134.4 mm.Setting two expansion cavities in the air ducts have a better noise reduction effectiveness than that only setting one expansion cavity.

关 键 词：永磁同步电机 气动噪声 计算流体力学 Lighthill声类比 

分 类 号：TM341[电气工程—电机]