林下菊苣草地放养对北京油鸡盲肠菌群结构和代谢物的影响  

Effects of Grazing on Chicory Grassland Under Forest on Caecum Microflora and Metabolites of Beijing-You Chickens

作　　者：张苏晗 毛培春[1] 田小霞[1] 郭玉霞[2] 郑明利 孟林[1] ZHANG Suhan;MAO Peichun;TIAN Xiaoxia;GUO Yuxia;ZHENG Mingli;MENG Lin(Institute of Grassland,Flowers and Ecology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院草业花卉与景观生态研究所,北京100097 [2]河南农业大学动物科技学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第1期133-146,共14页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1300804);北京市乡村振兴科技项目(20220922-1);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设项目(KJCX20240505)。

摘　　要：[目的]解析林下菊苣草地放养与传统笼养对北京油鸡盲肠菌群和代谢物的影响。[方法]将体重相近的10周龄北京油鸡母鸡随机分为3组,即林下菊苣草地放养组(T1组,放养密度100只/667 m~2;T2组,放养密度120只/667 m~2)和传统笼养对照组(CK),草地放养组采用草地放养与基础饲粮补饲相结合方式,传统笼养组仅饲喂基础饲粮,试验期95 d。饲养试验结束后采集盲肠内容物,在16S rRNA高通量测序的基础上分析微生物群落丰富度和多样性、菌群结构,采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)代谢组学分析差异代谢物和KEGG富集通路。[结果]与CK组相比,T1组北京油鸡盲肠菌群的Sobs指数、Chao1指数、Ace指数和Shannon指数均有所提高,Simpson指数有所降低,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05);T2组北京油鸡盲肠菌群的Sobs指数、Chao1指数和Ace指数分别提高41.3%、33.6%和34.7%(P<0.05)。与CK组相比,T1和T2组北京油鸡盲肠中扭链瘤胃球菌属、理研菌科_RC9菌属、欧陆森氏菌属、未分类毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌科UCG-005菌属的相对丰度均有一定程度提高,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05);T1和T2组北京油鸡盲肠差异代谢物主要富集在萜类化合物和聚酮类化合物的代谢、植物次生代谢产物的生物合成、脂质代谢和氨基酸代谢途径。[结论]林下菊苣草地放养提高了北京油鸡盲肠内有益菌的相对丰度,影响了北京油鸡的脂质代谢途径和氨基酸代谢途径,可起到控制体脂、提高必需氨基酸含量和免疫性能等一系列良性作用。[Objective]This experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of grazing on chicory grassland under forest and traditional cage system on caecum microflora and metabolites of Beijing-You chickens.[Method]10-week-old Beijing-You chickens with similar weight were randomly divided into three groups and raised for 95 days:Grazing on chicory grassland under forest groups,with grazing densities of 100 hens/677 m 2(T1)and 120 hens/677 m 2(T2),and the traditional cage system was used as the control group(CK),the grazing groups adopted a combination of grassland grazing and basal diet supplementation,and the CK group adopted basal diet only.At the end of the experiment,caecum contents were collected,the richness,diversity and structure of microbial community were analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing,and the differential metabolites and KEGG enrichment pathways were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).[Result]Compared with CK group,the Sobs index,Chao1 index,Ace index and Shannon index of T1 group were increased,and the Simpson index was decreased to a certain extent(P>0.05),the Sobs index,Chao1 index and Ace index of T2 group were obviously increased by 41.3%,33.6%and 34.7%(P<0.05).Compared with CK group,the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_torques_group,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,Olsenella,unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae and UCG-005 in caecum of T1 and T2 groups were increased to a certain extent(P>0.05).The difference metabolites of T1 and T2 groups were mainly concentrated in the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides,biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites,lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.[Conclusion]The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in caecum and the lipid metabolism pathway and amino acid metabolism pathway of Beijing-You chickens were positively affected by grazing on chicory grassland under forest,and it played a series of benign effects such as controlling body fat,increasing essential amino acid and improving immune performance.

关 键 词：林下草地放养 北京油鸡 盲肠菌群 盲肠代谢物 

分 类 号：S831.4[农业科学—畜牧学]