松萝酸的抗菌活性及其开发利用研究进展  

Research Progress on the Antibacterial Activity of Usnic Acid and Its Development and Utilization

作　　者：陈春红 沈俊烨 代重山[1,2] 汤树生[1,2] CHEN Chunhong;SHEN Junye;DAI Chongshan;TANG Shusheng(National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Sanya Research Institute,China Agricultural University,Sanya 572024,China;Powertas School Beijing Campus,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学,兽医公共卫生安全全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学三亚研究院,三亚572024 [3]威力塔斯学校北京校区,北京100193

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第1期400-410,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1801105);拼多多-中国农业大学研究基金(PC2023A01002)。

摘　　要：细菌耐药性问题是一个全球性公共卫生问题,严重威胁动物及人类健康。动物源细菌耐药性问题在中国较为突出,严重威胁养殖安全,新型抗菌药物或抗生素替代物的研发已经迫在眉睫。松萝酸,又名地衣酸,是松萝属、石蕊属等植物提取物中的主要活性成分之一,因具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗结核、抗寄生虫和镇痛解热等多种药理学活性而被广泛关注。研究表明,松萝酸对革兰阳性菌具有较强的抗菌活性,其作用机制涉及对核酸和蛋白质合成的抑制、干扰外排泵、破坏细胞膜的完整性、破坏细菌代谢稳态及抑制生物膜形成等多个方面,是一种潜在的天然抗菌药物。松萝酸也是一种较强的抗菌增效剂,能够逆转多重耐药细菌对多黏菌素等多种抗菌药物的耐药性。目前,松萝酸的低溶解性及潜在的毒性问题仍是限制其临床应用的主要因素。笔者综述了松萝酸的抗菌活性、作用机制、潜在毒性以及纳米制剂的研究进展,旨在为松萝酸的深入研究和临床应用提供科学依据。Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue that seriously threatens the health of animals and humans.Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in animals is particularly prominent in China,posing a serious threat to the safety of aquaculture.It is urgent to develop new natural and efficient antibacterial drugs or alternative antibiotics.Usnic acid,also known as lichen acid,is one of the main active ingredients in plant extracts such as Pineapple and Litmus.Usnic acid has been widely studied and it has been demonstrated to have various pharmacological activities,including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,antiviral,anti-tuberculosis,anti-parasitic,analgesic,and antipyretic properties.It has been reported that usnic acid has good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.The potential mechanisms may involve the inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis,interference with efflux pumps,disruption of cell membrane integrity,disruption of bacterial metabolic homeostasis,and inhibition of biofilm formation.Usnic acid is considered as a potent antibacterial adjuvant based on its synergy effect with several clinical antibiotics such as polymyxin to overcome antibiotic resistance.Usnic acid is reported to have the poor solubility and toxicity issues,which limits its application.The author reviewed the antibacterial activity,mechanism of action,potential toxicity,and research progress on nanomaterials of usnic acid,following to offer the theoretical basis for its further development and utilization.

关 键 词：松萝酸 抗菌活性 抗菌机制 纳米递送系统 

分 类 号：S853.74[农业科学—临床兽医学] R285[农业科学—兽医学]