横风作用下旋叶型风屏障对车桥系统的气动特性影响研究  

Effect of combined-type wind barriers on the aerodynamic characteristics of axle systems under crosswinds action

作　　者：蔡陈之 刘昊天 何旭辉[1,2] 邹云峰[1,2] 黄永明[1,3] CAI Chenzhi;LIU Haotian;HE Xuhui;ZOU Yunfeng;HUANG Yongming(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Rail Transit Engineering Structures,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;School of International Education,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通工程结构防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,长沙410075 [3]中南大学国际教育学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第2期177-186,220,共11页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51925808,52378546);湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30665)。

摘　　要：为保障复杂风环境下高速列车桥上行车安全,以典型简支箱梁与CRH380A列车为研究背景,提出一种上部为导风叶片,下部为不透风屏障所组成的新型旋叶型风屏障。在通过风洞试验验证数值仿真模型的基础上,探究了旋叶型风屏障叶片的旋转角度与底部高度对车桥系统气动特性及流场的影响,并揭示了风屏障参数对车桥气动特性的影响机理。研究结果表明,旋叶型风屏障叶片的旋转角度对车桥气动系数影响显著,其中阻力系数及弯矩系数的变化趋势在列车与桥梁之间呈现相反的特点,而两者的升力系数却呈现相同的变化趋势。叶片旋转方向对风屏障与列车间漩涡的形成具有显著影响,相比逆时针旋转,叶片顺时针旋转时屏障后方流场更平稳,产生的漩涡数量、面积及流速均更小。风屏障底部高度在旋转角度较大时(|α| ≥30°),能明显减小列车的阻力与弯矩系数,且其变化主要影响列车与屏障之间的流场结构。在适当的旋转角度下,旋叶型风屏障相较于栅栏型风屏障能较大幅度地降低桥梁阻力系数与列车的弯矩系数,其中桥梁阻力与列车弯矩降幅最大可达17.8%和48.5%。For the purpose of enhancing the safety of trains traveling in complex wind environments,the rotary vane-type wind barrier consisting of wind-guiding vanes at the top and impermeable barriers at the bottom was proposed.Based on the verification of the numerical model through the wind tunnel test,numerical simulation was used to investigate the effects of the rotation angle and the bottom height of the vane-type wind barrier blades on the aerodynamic characteristics and the flow field of the train-bridge system to reveal the influence mechanism of the wind barrier parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics of the train and bridge.The research results show that the rotation angle of the wind blades of the vane-type wind barrier has a significant effect on the aerodynamic coefficients of both train and bridge.The change of the rotation angle of the wind blades has certain effect on the train drag coefficient and has opposite effect on the moment coefficient of the bridge,while the change trends of the lift coefficients of the train and bridge are identical.The direction of blade rotation has a significant effect on the formation of vortices between the wind barrier and the train.Compared with the counterclockwise rotation of the blades,the flow field behind the barrier is smoother when the blades are rotated clockwise,and can result in fewer vortices,smaller area and lower flow velocity.The height of the bottom of the wind barrier significantly reduces the drag and moment coefficients of the train at a larger angle of rotation(|α|≥30°),and its change primarily affects the structure of the flow field between the train and the barrier.At appropriate rotation angles,the rotary vane-type wind barrier more substantially reduce the bridge drag coefficient and train moment coefficient compared to the fence-type wind barriers,and the maximum reductions in bridge drag and train moment can be up to 17.8%and 48.5%respectively.

关 键 词：横风 旋叶型风屏障 计算流体动力学 风洞试验 车桥系统 

分 类 号：TH212[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH213.3