基于因子分析的新高考英语效度验证  

Factor Analysis of the Reformed Gaokao English Test

作　　者：陈康[1] CHEN Kang(National Education Examinations Authority,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]教育部教育考试院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国考试》2025年第2期32-40,共9页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：教育部教育考试院“十四五”规划支撑专项课题“高考外语‘一年两考’命题质量保障体系研究”(NEEA2021026)。

摘　　要：2014年以来,新高考英语科依据国家课程标准和高校人才选拔要求深化考试内容改革,设计启用新题型并调整优化了试卷结构。为深入开展新高考英语科效度验证,本研究运用结构方程模型方法分析了新高考英语科实考数据。分析结果显示,高阶因子模型与数据的拟合效果最佳,可以代表新高考英语科因子结构。其中,一个高阶因子代表整体语言能力,三个一阶因子分别代表听力、阅读和写作能力。该模型的参数估计结果表明,新高考英语试卷结构设计科学合理,新题型考查效果符合预期,并给教学带来启示。This study investigates the factor structure of the reformed Gaokao English test,implemented following the 2014 educational reform in China.The reform aimed to enhance the assessment of core competencies,including language ability,cultural awareness,thinking quality,and learning ability,by introducing new question types and optimizing the test structure.The study employs Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)to validate the factor structure of the New Gaokao English test,using data from students in provinces A and B from the 2022 and 2023 exams.Five hypothesized models were evaluated:correlated four-factor,three-factor,two-factor,single-factor,and higher-order factor models.The analysis revealed that the higher-order factor model best represents the test’s structure,encompassing three first-order factors(listening,reading,and writing)and one higher-order factor for overall language ability.The results demonstrate that the new test structure effectively assesses the intended constructs,with the new question types—grammar cloze and continuation writing—showing strong alignment with their assessment goals.The findings suggest that the reformed Gaokao English test aligns well with the new curriculum standards and provides valuable insights for improving English teaching practices.The study highlights the importance of a comprehensive assessment framework that balances core competencies and integrates language skills in practical contexts.Future research should include a broader sample to further validate the test’s efficacy and explore additional sources of evidence for validity.

关 键 词：新高考英语 内容改革 结构方程模型 因子分析 效度验证 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]