哲学还是神话?——试析柏拉图创世宇宙论的“神学—政治”属性  

Philosophy or Mythos?On the“Theology-Political”Attribute of Plato's Timaeus

作　　者：高山奎 Gao Shan-kui

机构地区：[1]暨南大学哲学所

出　　处：《哲学门》2024年第2期208-222,共15页Beida Journal of Philosophy

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划资助项目(项目编号:21PJC095)阶段性成果

摘　　要：柏拉图的《蒂迈欧》不是独白,而是对话,是一部镶嵌在政治语境中的诗性-哲学对话。在对话中,苏格拉底的沉默意味着哲学(上升之路)的缺席,蒂迈欧的理性秩序的宇宙—人性设计为克里蒂亚的最佳政制实践提供了自然—哲学的正当性基础。《蒂迈欧》中eros(爱欲)的缺席和thumos(血气)的支配性在场,体现了诗学实践(制作)对哲人(沉思生活)的压制。柏拉图将善好的理性原则(哲学)和实践性制作技艺(诗学)结合起来,借以纠弹诗学传统(荷马—赫西俄德)的德性缺失和情欲主导,这种从存在(辩证法)向变易(逼真故事)的主动委身,一方面为《理想国》所倡导的诗学原则提供了实践上的典范样板,另一方面也提醒人们关切秩序(消弭无序)所蕴含的政治风险。Unlike the Republic,Plato's Timaeus is a poetic-philosophical dialogue that embeds in a political context.In the dialogue,Socrates'silence means the absence of philosophy,and Timaeus'cosmology provides the natural-philosophical justification for the Critias'best political system.In other words,the absence of Eρωςand the dominant presence of θυμóςin Timaeus reflect the displace of philosophical contemplation by poetic practice.Plato's combination of philosophy and poetics,in order to criticize the lack of virtue and the dominance of passion of the poetics tradition.This change from philosophy to poetics,on the one hand,provides a practical example of the poetic principles advocated by the Republic,and on the other hand,it is also a reminder the risk of meditate on political order.

关 键 词：《蒂迈欧》 《神谱》 赫西俄德 柏拉图 宇宙论 

分 类 号：B502.232[哲学宗教—外国哲学]