孔孟管仲论新探——以朱子的阐释为中心  

A New Exploration into the Evaluation of Guan Zhong by Confucius and Mencius:Focusing on Zhu Zi's Interpretation

作　　者：毕冉 Bi Ran

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系·宗教学系

出　　处：《哲学门》2024年第2期162-177,共16页Beida Journal of Philosophy

摘　　要：在评价管仲的人格或功业时,孔孟似有不同。以往学界研究聚焦于孔子是否肯定管仲之仁,涉及孔孟比照时即便注意到时代环境的不同,也普遍认为孔孟对管仲评价存在很大差异。然孔子所论,涉及观人教人之法,可见仁者好恶人如何,并且在夷夏视野中展开评价。而孟子所言,是在君主欲以霸者之事为治国之法的先见下,回答的儒家政治要义。故孔孟评判之所以不同,一涉及人物品评与夷夏之辨,一涉及传道育人与政治理想。而尽管夷夏与王霸各有侧重且存在张力,但这两种角度在孔孟那里都同时存在。孔孟对管仲有深层的共识,且均不违背内圣外王的一贯性。Confucius and Mencius seem to be different when evaluating Guan Zhong's personality or accomplishments.Academic research focused on whether Confucius affirmed Guan Zhong's benevolence.When comparing Confucius and Mencius,even if they noticed the differences in the environment of the times,they generally believed that Confucius and Mencius had very different evaluations.However,Confucius's discussion of Guan Zhong involves the method of observing and teaching others.It can be seen how the benevolent likes and dislikes,and Confucius'evaluation is carried out in Yi Xia's field of vision.What Mencius said was based on the foresight of the monarch's desire to govern the country with hegemony.The reason why Confucian and Mencius judgments are different is that one involves the evaluation of people and the distinction between Yi and Xia,and the other involves educating people and political ideals.Although Yi Xia and Wang Ba have their own emphasis and tension,these two perspectives coexist in both Confucius and Mencius.Confucius and Mencius had a deep consensus on Guan Zhong,and neither violated the consistency of the inner sage and outer king.

关 键 词：管仲 仁功 孔孟 夷夏 王霸 

分 类 号：B226.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B222B244.7