寻找革命的卢梭  

Discovering the Revolutionary Rousseau

作　　者：范广欣 Fan Guangxin

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院

出　　处：《哲学门》2024年第2期19-34,共16页Beida Journal of Philosophy

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划研究项目(项目号TJZX18-001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：卢梭长期以来被视为法国大革命的精神之父,其《社会契约论》被介绍到中国以后,便成为几代革命者有力的思想武器。不过当代研究者的共识似乎是:卢梭提供了“批判的武器”,但并无证据表明他主张“武器的批判”。在卢梭原文中更可以发现他对“革命”的怀疑,他担心“革命”会导致共同体崩解,使野心家有机可乘。认为卢梭支持革命的解读大多立足于《社会契约论》第一卷,因为第一卷不仅阐发了作为民主价值的政治自由,也有几处充满情感的文字隐约包含了以暴力反抗统治者的意思。本文将仔细分析《社会契约论》的相关文本,以澄清卢梭对革命的复杂态度。Rousseau has been for a long time considered to be the spiritual father of the French Revolution,and his Du Contrat Social has been a powerful weapon for Chinese revolutionaries since its introduction to China.However,most of the contemporary scholars seem to agree that Rousseau offered“the weapon of rebellion”without advocating“rebellion with weapon”.Rousseau's text shows suspicions against revolution,worrying that it may cause dissolution of the social community and provide opportunities for the ambitionists.Those who think Rousseau supported revolution find evidence mainly in the first book of Du Contrat Social,where Rousseau argues for the democratic value of political freedom,and mentions violent rebellion against rulers several times with emotional words.This article aims to clarify the complex attitude of Rousseau towards revolution with analyses of key texts from Du Contrat Social.

关 键 词：卢梭 政治哲学 社会契约论 革命 民主 

分 类 号：B565.26[哲学宗教—外国哲学] D091[政治法律—政治学]